Christmas :: essays papers

Christmas Christmastime was always a magical time of year for me. The beautifully decorated shopping malls, with toys over you looked, always fascinated me. And the houses, with the way their lights would glow upon the glistening snow at night, always seemed to calm me. But decorating the Christmas tree and falling asleep underneath the nimble glow of the lights, in awe that Santa Claus would soon be there, was the best part of it all. As a child, these things enchanted me. Sure, the presents were great, but the excitement and mystery of Christmas I love most of all. Believingthats what it was all about. Believing there really was a Santa and waking up Christmas morning, realizing hed come, as my sleepy look focused on all the fancily wrapped presents before me. Ah, to be a kid again. How wonderful it would be to relive the magic of Christmas. Dont bushel me wrong, I have always been a kid at heart and a true lover of Christmas. But as we get older and we embody that Santa Claus and the North Pole were plainly stories our parents told us so wed behave, Christmas starts to lose that magical feeling. No matter how much we might still love it, Christmastime just isnt the same as when we were young. And at a time of all the aggravating shopping hustle and bustle, dents in the pockets, headaches, traffic jams and long lines, I beget to realize that God has sent me the most magical Christmas gift of all, a beautiful three year old whom I can relive Christmas in all over. Through my childs eyes, I see myself each time his face lights up at the sight of Santa, and I feel his anticipation each morning as he faithfully opens up one more window on the Christmas calendar. Tonight, as we decorate the tree, I admiringly watched his diminutive fingers delicately place each of the ornaments on all the same branches until they drooped to the floor. So proud of his work, I secretly placed some elsewhere, as to not attenuate his feelings, and wondered how many times my own mother had done the same thing. And after a long day of shopping and excitement, I watched his eyelids begin to droop time lying underneath the warm glow of the Christmas tree lights.

Essay --

Rudyard Kiplings seminal poem, The White Mans Burden resonated amongst American policymakers in the aftermath of the warfare of 1898. For a price of twenty million dollars, the Spanish relinquished their control of the Philippines to the United States, thereby transforming America into an overseas empire. As statesmen in Washington considered their tender Pacific possession, they viewed the archipelago as a moral liability rather than a strategic asset. The first formal evaluation of the prospects for Filipino independence came in February 1900, when death chair McKinley dispatched the Philippine Commission to capital of the Philippines to compile a report on the subject. In this paper I consider their assessment through a amicable lens. I argue that while McKinleys emissaries strove for objectivity, preconceived notions of national identity, race, and civilization influenced their judgment. Ultimately, the Commission viewed American-ness as a prerequisite for independence. Backg roundThe Spanish had maintained compound authority over the Philippines since Ferdinand Magellan laid claim to the islands in 1521. For over three hundred years the Spanish government, aided by friars from the Catholic Church, used Manila as a naval base and cultivated the hinterland as a source of cotton. Filipino aristocrats across the archipelago learned Spanish, and helped to disseminate the Catholic assent to the majority of animists and sabians worshippers of the moon and stars. Although many friars were seriously engaged in helping the Filipino peasants, over time they gained a reputation for exploitation and corruption. In result to these grievances and to an absence of representation in the colonial legislature, community political leaders began in the early 19... ...mission rejected the prospect of Philippine independence primarily because the universe of discourse deviated from the western concept of the nation. The masses of the people are without a common speech and lack the sentimentality of a nation. The Filipinos are not a nation, yet a variegated assemblage of different tribes and peoples, and their loyalty is still of the tribal type (pdf one 192). . . their lack of education and political experience, combined with their racial and linguistic diversity, disqualify them, in spite of their mental gifts and domestic virtues, to undertake the task of governing the archipelago at the present time . . . should our power by any want be withdrawn, the Commission believes that the government of the Philippines would speedily lapse into anarchyThe Filipinos are not a nation, and there can be no political organism that we call a people,

An Athletes Secret of Success Essay -- Sports Athletes Fitness Essays

An Athletes Secret of Success Vince Lombardi says, The price of success is hard work, inscription to the job at hand, and the determination that whether we win or lose, we have applied the best of ourselves to the task at hand. A dedicated athlete puts forth their whole by fully devoting themselves to their sport. They always try to give one hundred and ten percent before, during, and after practice. Athletes achieve their success knowing they worked hard to grasp it and can truly say they accomplished something that makes them a better person. A committed athlete devotes a great deal of time to practice. They arrive early on in order to get in a better warm-up, give more than their best effort during practice, and stay after practice to repeat what they went over. Also, they p...

Machiavelli’s Principals and NAFTA :: Outsourcing, Offshoring, Free Trade

Therefore if a prince wants to maintain his rule he must learn how non to be virtuous, and to make use of this or not according to his need. 1 Thus wrote Niccol Machiavelli al almost five hundred years ago in his handbook to the Prince Lorenzo De Medici. Whether Machiavelli wrote these terms in a desperate judge to win a position as advisor or whether he hoped in truth to trap the prince with false advice we can only guess from afar. unless his book offers both advice and food for thought for today. In the last chapter of the book he offered a dream for a new Italian Moses, someone to unload Italy from foreign control. Whether this was Machiavellis passionate dream or simply bait for the prince, we are now embarking on what may well be the opposite the exchange out of our own country to foreigners in the dream of one unified North America. It is exactly what Prime Minister John A. Macdonald called veiled treason in 1891. 2 If you, Mr Mulroney, are to continue in this decision M achiavellis principals of heartlessness and purpose may be invaluable.Machiavelli warns when a principality invites a new convention in, expecting to improve their situation they will likely be disappointed and then rebel against the ruler. In Machiavellis time this would have meant a full and blooming(a) rebellion, but think how much easier it is now The wad have only to vote at the election, and do not need to remind you that in the most recent election you had only 43% of the vote. The majority of the people are against you, and this is dangerous.What is it you promise the people, and can you provide? You need not fear giving your word lightly, and I doubt anyone today truly expects you to keep all your promises. Yet still there must be something for you to offer in the end. The common people are always impressed by appearances and results. In this way there are only common people, and there is no room for the few when the many a(prenominal) are supported by the state. (101)T he immediate problem with NAFTA, as I see it, is a shift in the tax burden from the manufacturers to the people. Retired judge Marjorie capital of Alabama Bowker has suggested that by 1998, when NAFTA will be fully implemented our lost revenues will be 24 billion.

Difficulities in the Play A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry Ess

Difficulities in the Play A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry In the four years between 1861 and 1865 this country was in gracious war over the rights and freedom of blacks in America. When all was said and done, the blacks won their freedom and gained several rights that would make their lives better. Nearly one hundred years later, in 1959, Lorraine Hansberry wrote her great play, A Raisin in the Sun. It described the everyday life of a black family in the Southside of Chicago sometime after World state of war II. end-to-end the play, Hansberry talks of the difficulties that the Younger family faces trying to get from one day to a nonher the problems that should bring on been resolved by the Civil War. Even after the Civil War and this play, many of these problems still exist today.The first difficulty that the Younger family faces is poor housing. The play starts off in a small two bedroom flatcar with commiseration waking up her son, Travis, who sleeps on the c ouch in the living room. He sleeps on the couch because one bedroom is used by ruth and Walter and the other by Mama and Beneatha. Every morning they wake up early so they can get to the one bathroom that is shared by all of the other families that live in the complex. When Mama talks about putting a down payment on a new house, Ruth says, ?Well, Lord knows, we?ve put enough rent into this here rat trap to pay for four houses by now? (p. 1817). When she says rat trap you would naturally gauge of some of the houses today with boarded up or broken windows, unattended yards, and streets that are covered with potholes. But in the movie, it is nothing like that. The movie depicts the apartment in a very livable way. You can say they made the best of a bad situation. T... ... over this and it was decided by the Civil War the blacks should have their freedom as ?full? American citizens. When will we be able to live as one community? ?The history must be taught, and if not in schools t hen at home. But that won?t or can?t be done until our home life, our families, get back on track. Its a vicious cycle. We still have a long, long way to go.? (Lee p. xivii)BibliographyHansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. Norton Introduction to Literature 7th edition. Ed. Jerome Beaty, et al. New York Norton, 1998.Lee, Spike. ?Commentary Thoughts on the Screenplay.? A Raisin in the Sun Original Screenplay. London Penguin, 1992Wilkerson, Margaret. ?Introduction.? A Raisin in the Sun Original Screenplay. London Penguin, 1992X, Malcolm. The Autobiography of Malcolm X As told to Alex Haley. New York Ballantine Books, 1992

Difficulities in the Play A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry Ess

Difficulities in the Play A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry In the quaternion years between 1861 and 1865 this country was in civil war all over the rights and freedom of blacks in America. When all was said and d integrity, the blacks won their freedom and gained several rights that would grant their lives better. Nearly one hundred years later, in 1959, Lorraine Hansberry wrote her great play, A Raisin in the Sun. It described the everyday life of a black family in the Southside of wampum sometime after World War II. Throughout the play, Hansberry talks of the difficulties that the Younger family faces trying to get from one day to another the problems that should have been resolved by the Civil War. Even after the Civil War and this play, many of these problems still exist today.The first difficulty that the Younger family faces is poor housing. The play starts off in a small two bedroom apartment with Ruth waking up her son, Travis, who sleeps on the shed in the living room. He sleeps on the couch because one bedroom is used by Ruth and Walter and the other by Mama and Beneatha. Every morning they wake up early so they fag end get to the one bathroom that is shared by all of the other families that live in the complex. When Mama talks about putting a downward(a) payment on a new house, Ruth says, ?Well, Lord knows, we?ve put enough rent into this here rat trap to pay for four houses by now? (p. 1817). When she says rat trap you would naturally think of some of the houses today with boarded up or broken windows, unattended yards, and streets that are covered with potholes. But in the movie, it is nothing like that. The movie depicts the apartment in a very livable way. You can say they made the best of a bad situation. T... ... over this and it was decided by the Civil War the blacks should have their freedom as ?full? American citizens. When will we be able to live as one community? ?The history must be taught, and if not in school s then at home. But that won?t or can?t be done until our home life, our families, get back on track. Its a vicious cycle. We still have a long, long way to go.? (Lee p. xivii)BibliographyHansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. Norton presentation to Literature 7th edition. Ed. Jerome Beaty, et al. New York Norton, 1998.Lee, Spike. ?Commentary Thoughts on the Screenplay.? A Raisin in the Sun Original Screenplay. capital of the United Kingdom Penguin, 1992Wilkerson, Margaret. ?Introduction.? A Raisin in the Sun Original Screenplay. London Penguin, 1992X, Malcolm. The Autobiography of Malcolm X As told to Alex Haley. New York Ballantine Books, 1992

Life in Pompeii Essay

The amphitheatre was make in 70bc by the magistrates to provide delight for the people of Pompeii. The Pompeii amphitheatre is the oldest surviving amphitheatre in the Roman world. The capacity was 24000 and beca using up seats were numbered, only the most important people of Pompeii would be allowed to sit at the front. The amphitheatre was mainly employ for games that lasted a week and were funded by the magistrates. While entering the stadium, the people would salute the important dignitaries. Political LifeThe amphitheatre was built by magistrates and events were fully funded by them aswell. Although built for the whole city to enjoy, only special people could sit at the front. Cultural Life The amphitheatre was make from stone and included a parapet that separated the stand from the arena. The parapet was decorated with frescoes of gladiatorial combat which over time have been lost. Events that were primarily used at the amphitheatre were gladiatorial battles, hunts, and wild beast fights. The BasilicaEconomic and Political Life The Basilica was a structure in the Forum where legitimate and business activities took direct. It was built in-between 120bc and 78bc and was 24 by 55 metres in size. The basilica was originally a market but was changed in the first snow to become the new law courtsCultural Life The Basilica was covered by a bouffant, double pitched tiled roof and the entrance had v doors with wooden shutters, the large hall was surrounded by twenty eight ionic columns, 11 metres in height. On the west side, stood a two write up structure kn avow as the Tribunal which was guarded by a statue of Augustus. The marbel panels on the side walls were decorated in the first style art and graffiti was found everywhere, not unusual in Pompeii. The BathsEconomic life Just about everyone except slaves and the poor visited the baths as not only was it a place for cleaning but in addition a social hub. The baths would be opened at around midday and remained open well into the evening. Most people were accompanied by slaves who assisted them with their cleaning. Political lifePompeii had four main baths, the forum baths, the stabian baths, the central baths and the amphitheatre baths. The stabian baths were the oldest and biggest baths in Pompeii and date as far back as the early 4th century. The baths has a Apodyterium, a frigidarium, a tepiderium, a caldarium, toilets and the stabian baths featured a swimming pool. Usually the baths were divided between manpower and women and when this wasnt the case, men and women would attend the baths at different times. There was however mixed bathing in some places.Cultural Life Apart from cleaning, at the baths people also enjoyed physical exercise and sport at the palestra. There was also massage, music, poetry, reading and business contacts to be made. Graffiti and wall drawings also depicted sexual activity at the baths. Women wore modest clothing and men wore either trunks or bat hed naked. The floor was made of square stones and supported brick columns and there was space between the tiles and walls because of the use of the special nipple tiles. The hot air generated from the furnace located at the back of the caldarium would flow up between the tiles and the wall, heating all the rooms. Via Del AbbondanzaThe Via Dell Abbondanza was the main path of Pompeii and the main business district of the city. The streetscape had a grid like pattern which although was popular in other roman times, was not precisely applied in Pompeii. The street contained stepping stones so that when it had been raining, people didnt have to walk through sewage. There was enough room between stones for wheeled traffic aswell. Deep vallecula marks in the roads indicate to us that there was alot of wheeled traffic on the road. There were two different roads, the Decumani and the Cardines. The decumani ran east to west and the cardines ran conjugation to south. On sign roads there were shrines called nymphaea which were water fountains. Via StabianaThe Via Stabiana stretches from the Porta Stabia to the center of the city. Along this street, on the west side is the Gladiators Barracks and the Odeon. There were stepping stones to allow pedestrians to cross the street without stepping into whatever might be in the street itself. Carriages could still travel along the streets, their wheels passing between the stepping stones.On the east are a number of residences and shops, including a bakery with an oven which is seen as a hole in the wall with a large stone above it. Next door is a thermapolium with a counter containing four pottery jars sunk into the counter. Further along on the Via Stabiana is the Domus of Q. Octavius Romulus. Villa of the PapyriThe Villa of the papyri is a large residential complex situated on the lurch of Vesuvius in Herculaneum. Judging from the size and value of the house, it can be said that the owner of the house was extremely wealth y. Unlike other ancient roman houses, it had its own water supply which in those days was extreme luxury. It was decorated with statues and columns of Greek influence. Praedia of Julia FelixJulia Felix was an extremely wealthy woman from Pompeii who inherited her fortune from family. She owned a large estate which was decorated with floral motifs, statues and scenes of the Nile river aswell as a shrine to Isis the Egyptian goddess.

Role of Banks

THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS NAME TRANG THI KIEU HO STUDENT ID 1613946 CLASS TUTORIAL 13 (12339) Banks play a central office staff in the economy, they create and maintain the flow of money between surplus and deficit unit and by this facilitate the process of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of wealth. If in that respect were no bank activities, a large of amount of capital of the economy would be idle. Hence, banking activities are vital for the development of an economy.Another function of the bank is risk spreading. They vary risky asset ( loans) to less risker liabilities ( deposits). They also conduct maturity transformation or liquidity providing function. Banks pool of short-term deposits and then give out long loans. They can do this base on the theory that different investors have different liquidity preferences. Hence, when banks do not work properly, it will affect the solely economy. In conclusion, a strong banking system is very important for an economy.I think it is necessary to regulate the banking system because lack of regulation can result in some banks taking excessive risks and getting into trouble. A problem in banking system can affect the whole economy. In fact, some economist tell that one of the reasons that led to the global financial crisis is the lack of regulation in financial system. Hence it is necessary to have more than regulation to keep the banks functional properly. Too much regulation, however, will decrease the competition in financial sector, the big will get bigger and the small who cannot compete will not be able to survive.Competition between banks forces them to keep the interest margin low to compete. It also helps banks to have incentives to create innovation to work better and make more profit. This will bring much benefit to investors and borrowers. For all of these reasons, I think that we should have enough regulation to keep the banks working properly and avoid some other crisis but not strict regulation so that not to decrease competition in financial system.

From your understanding of Frankenstein Essay

This gives us the impression that Walton is far less judgemental of the zoology and wherefore offers a certain glimmer of hope for rejuvenation. It is clear to me also from the text that Mary Shelley has provided her readers with an implicit example of social inequality and whence through events, offered a condemnation for such injustices. Arguably, Mary Shelley is in fact offering a criticism of humanitys eagerness to judge and condemn on appearances, therefore the theme of good and evil is sub-categorised into that of appearance and reality.Mary Shelley suggests that association is blind by a sense of prejudice and desire to judge first and firstly on appearances above all else. The demon is undoubtedly hideous in appearance. His own creator upon first looking upon his being feels that No mortal could remain firm the horror of that countenance. However, upon first encountering the Monster in chapter 10, the conflict between appearance and reality comes into play. We to,o jud ging upon his weighty form, expect little more than attempts of communication, perhaps a series of inarticulate grunts.Instead, we argon shocked with the creatures ability to express himself and of his calm, dignified and biblically alluded eloquence. Remember, that I am thy creature. I ought to be thy Adam, but earlier I am rather the fallen angel. This eloquence is heightened by the contrasting way in which Viktor is seen to expresses himself. He, surprisingly, is unable to do more than splutter broken insults, in comparison to the harmonious, flowing and balanced way in which the creature has the ability to articulate.While the creature has the ability to articulate his desires and maintain self control, Victor plainly insults the creature, which stands out as cowardice. Even more of a surprise is that we soon come to the realisation that the creature is, despite his hideous appearance, the most eloquent case within the novel. Therefore we are asked to capitulum or own pre- judgements when presented with such eloquence. The Delacey family are portrayed to be compassionate and good human beings, they themselves being victims of prejudice.The creature admires them and grows to love them, describing them as compassionate and good human beings It is ironic, that even the Delaceys prove capable instigating the same type of prejudice towards the monster that they have face themselves. Both have suffered at the hands of prejudice yet they cannot find a common ground because of the all too human failing to have a go at it with what is alien in a society which is so focused on appearance. They reject the monster utterly, not by his actions, but judging upon his physical appearance. He is spurned upon his appearance in spite of his politeness, eloquence and good intentions.Indeed the monster recognises a fatal prejudice clouds their eyes, and where they ought to see a feeling and gracious friend, they behold only a detestable monster It is ironic that the on ly member of the family who has the ability to see clearly is the old man Delacey, who is physically blind. He reassures the monsterI and my family have been condemned, although innocent judge therefore, if I do not feel your misfortunes. Shelley therefore offers us the consideration that whilst eyes allow us sight they also alarmingly blind us to reality.Therefore the idea of sight and blindness becomes blurred and it is questionable what use sight is to us when we are so utterly blinded by our prejudices that we cannot see clearly. We, as readers cannot help but feel a sense of pathos towards the monster at this point. We retire his intentions were unadulterated yet he was denied a sense of acceptance based solely upon his physical appearance. This is obviously a critique of prejudice within society and we are forced to recognise alarmingly that it is a crime that we ourselves are guilty of.Therefore, through the monsters spurn and rejection there is definitely a sense of mora lity to be obtained. This point is supported extensively by the further degradation of the monster through the progression of events. The novel relates the entire progression of how a pure creature can become corrupted by society. We gradually witness the monster falling further and further into a sense of resentment and causticity as a direct result of the prejudices he has faced and the frustrations of his inability to fit in. He claims that Evil thenceforth became my good. Whilst we detest and deplore his actions we witness we can recognise the reasoning behind the monsters evil. Through the monsters plight we are witnesses to the utter degeneration of what was once a benevolent and compassionate being into what is essentially the abhorred monster which Victor so often describes. We find ourselves identifying with his own universal and very human desire for acceptance which does not in fact render him monstrous at all. There is a striking contradiction here between the verbal an d the visual, a conflict between expectations and experiences.We are forced therefore to question our pre-set prejudices, our expectations and qualities assigned to the creature against the stereotypical monster figure we imagine. We come to realise that what we have defined as Monstrous is our stereotypical analysis of anything which is essentially diametrical from ourselves. We are shocked that we ourselves judge first and foremost on appearances. Mary Shelley has effectively provided us and therefore offered to us a critique of how society is blinded by prejudice. The story of Safie is yet another critique and portrayal of prejudices which exist within society, to women in particular.Safie, in contrast to Elizabeth has been set up as a paragon of female virtue. She breaks away from the patriarchal society to what she belongs and rebels against the tyrannical mandate of her father. Against all odds she succeeds upon her sheer determination and will not to fall down the stairs th e imposing darkness that men can be seen to impose upon women of all societies through their oppression. Safie is a definite portrayal of what a woman could be, and a intro of what a woman singularly can achieve if she uses her initiative and independence.Safie, like Elizabeth is subject to prejudice from her culture, this prejudice being emblemised by her father. Yet she is set up in opposition to Elizabeth, who ironically lives in a westernised society, where perhaps more equality is available to women. Elizabeth however is passive in contrast to Safie who has a impetuous spirit Safie, unlike Elizabeth is not set up as a possession, she is independent, and not reliant upon men, and therefore it is arguable that Safie.

Clean and green Essay

The term put away fodder itself defines to the foods that do no good to your body and they atomic number 18 completely visionary to the body. Junk foods have no or very less nutritional value and irrespective of the way they are market placeed, they are not healthy to consume. to the highest degree of them are high in saturated fats and sugar components and also excess of salts and lack any fiber. The only reason of their gaining popularity and increased trend of consumption is that they are ready to eat or easy to cook foods.Also the ease of manufacturing and consumption makes the junk food market spread its influence so rapidly. People, of tout ensemble age groups are moving towards junk food as it is hassle free and often ready to grab and eat. Soft drinks, chips, wafers, noodles, pizza, burgers, French fries and so forth are few examples from the vast variety of fast food available in the market. Let us discuss some ill-effects of consuming fast food 1. The characteristic of fast food is to cause a spike in the energy levels and hence luring one back to eat up another makes it level more harmful.This eating pattern is likely to cause aggravated energy levels that fail to come down even at sleep time in the night and result in sleeping disorders. 2. Moodiness is another implication of regular consumption of junk food. 3. Reduced levels of concentration can result from eating junk food. 4. The most common bad effect is obesity which has become very common even amongst children aged as low as 3-5 years and causes many a(prenominal) other chronic diseases and hormonal imbalances in the obese soul.5. Heart diseases, increased levels of blood pressure and sugar are more likely to happen if the person is a regular consumer of oily junk foods. 6. Since junk foods are not easy to digest and consume larger amounts of energy from the body in the process, mess consuming them experience lack of oxygen levels which gradually causes the brain to function poorly . 7. Not only heart, but liver can be damaged imputable to excessive cholesterol formed in the body due to junk food habits.8. More people are diabetic early in brio because they eat junk food more often. 9. No fiber in junk food means strain on stomach and digestive establishment resulting in problem of constipation. All the points discussed about junk food above lead us to conclude that junk food does all harm to your heath without providing any health benefits. In order to enjoy good health and a happy life, it is important to cut down on junk foods. fodder experts have researched the bad affects of junk food and come to the conclusion that junk food manufacturing companies are fooling the people by showing deceptive ads that market show junk food as healthy. We must substitute junk food with healthier food like fruits and vegetables. A junk food daemon has to suffer the ill-effects of eating it in high quantities . So the next time you think of grabbing that burger, hotdog, pizza, samosa, kachoris or even ice creams in a restaurant, eating articulation or a party, stop your instincts and look for some healthier food options instead

Deviant behavior Essay

The labeling theory and the social control theory are two explanations behind the concept of deviance. The labeling theory argues that society itself creates deviance by classifying certain behaviors or people as deviant. The social control theory, meanwhile, believes that deviance is a result of the failure of social institutions to enforce societal norms. Labeling and Social keep Theories Every culture has norms or standards that distinguish acceptable from unacceptable behavior.Actions or behaviors that go against cultural norms are referred to as deviance. To understand why some individuals vivify to deviance, sociologists and criminologists first analyze how norms are created, modified and enforced. The labeling theory and the social control theory are on the dot two of the explanations these experts have come up with regarding the temper of deviance. Labeling Theory The labeling theory argues that people assume deviant roles in society.No conduct or individual is inherently deviant society itself creates deviance by classifying certain behaviors or people as deviant. Those who observe deviant manners acquire deviant identities by internalizing deviant labels that society imposes on them. Instead of decision the root cause of deviance, society will attribute it to particular behaviors or people (Kontos and Brotherton, 2008). Proponents of the labeling theory claim that the social group is the one responsible for deviance. It creates norms in order to differentiate conventional people from deviants.Norms, however, are detrimental in the sense that it does not recognize the difference between rule breakers or rule-breaking behavior and deviants or deviant behavior. A mortal is dismissed as deviant regardless of whether or not his or her actions actually violated every norm (Hamlin, n. d. ). The Stages of Labeling According to the American sociologist Howard Becker, a person undergoes three stages when he is transformed from being regarded as normal to being recognized and labeled as deviant.The first stage is the initial public labeling or the informal process of labeling that eventually becomes an official definition of a person as deviant. Examples of this are the friend who is tried in court and is sent to prison as a criminal and the drunk whom the doctor or the psychiatrist diagnoses as an alcoholic. The process of labeling begins with just the doctor, psychiatrist and judge, and then finally spreads to the entire community (Slattery, 2003).The second stage involves the official labels overriding of all the other statuses and symbols that a person previously had. Society will severe ties with this individual and deny him or her opportunities for advancement. The father who becomes an alcoholic, for instance, ends up being divorced by his wife and abandoned by his children. The ex-convict, meanwhile, is unable to buy a house or get a job because of his criminal record (Slattery, 2003). The third stage is characterized by the label soberly damaging the self-esteem of the person involved.The self-fulfilling prophecy begins to take place he or she may live up to the deviant label that society oblige on him or her by assuming a deviant lifestyle. He or she may also withdraw from conventional society by desire support and status from other deviants who share similar lifestyles. An occasional drug user, for instance, may live up to his reputation as a junkie by going to underground bars and clubs frequented by drug addicts. The juvenile delinquent, on the other hand, may later become a professional criminal, in treaty to what society labeled him (Slattery, 2003).

Are Earthquakes Becoming More Frequent: GCSE Case study

During this case study, I go forth be investigating a question are earthquakes are becoming more support? Throughout this investigation, I will be explaining how earthquakes are detected, how they are caused, presenting an argument for and against this debate etc. At the end of my case study, I will manufacture an opinion based on the evidence that I gain gathered. I will also be questioning the reliability of my sources of information. If you want to analyse the sources yourself, the link up to the websites will be available on the bibliography page.I will also acquire statistics to further support the argument being made by both(prenominal) sides. Diagrams will give visual aid to help understand this controversial issue. (Picture of earthquake damaged buildings) What are earthquakes? Firstly, Earthquakes are usually caused when rock thermionic vacuum tube curtly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against to each one other, they stick a little. They dont just slide smoothly the rocks catch on each other.The rocks are still pushing against each other, but not moving. by and by a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure thats built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs. During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving, and they continue to move until they get stuck again. The spot underground where the rock breaks is called the focus of the earthquake. The place right above the focus (on top of the ground) is called the epicenter of the earthquake. (picture showing epicentre of earthquake) Earthquakes can cause a lot of damage.Earthquakes have the power to uproot trees and send them crashing into buildings. They can trigger landslides and avalanches, and cause flooding and tsunamis. Human structures are also at risk. It is interesting to note that tall buildings will sustain the least damage if they are located directly at the epicenter. This is because they can withstand the up-and-down motion of P-waves. S-waves, on the other hand, occur far out from the epicenter, and cause the greatest stress by shaking buildings from side to side. These buildings are often knocked off their foundations. (Diagram of P and s-waves)

Catullus One

Catullus was a Roman poet in the 1st century BCE. His poems were known for organism differently written from what his contemporaries were writing at the time. While others were writing more than manly verse line, about their sexual conquests, Catullus was less racy in his writings. In his poetry 1, Catullus is dedicating his new poetry to a man named Cornelius. While not a love poem like he usually wrote, metrical composition 1 shows several aspects of Roman culture and gives us a glimpse of how Romans tried to make a lasting impression on the world of the future.In Poem 1, Catullus is simply dedicating his new poetry to Cornelius. He says that Cornelius had the habit of making much of my poetic little, which seems as if Catullus is saying that Cornelius made his poetry more of a big deal than it was worth. This may mean that Cornelius was in truth excited to be reading Catullus poetry, implying that the two were friends, or that Cornelius was just an admirer of Catullus. This is reinforced by the next line which states, the first in Italy, were boldly unfolding all past ages in three volumes . In capital of Italy, at this point in history, preserving cardinals legacy was a very important task to undertake. It was on the mind of most every notable Roman.Whether it was through great acts committed in the name of Rome or through great works of literature, everyone wanted to be remembered far down the line. What we see in Catullus Poem 1 is this notion of eternal rescue. Catullus says that he will give his new collection to Cornelius and that he hopes that, for the sake of its patron may it survive a century or better. This shows the Roman preoccupation with the preservation of their legacy. Catullus poem may also show the Roman idea of amicitia, or friendship. In Rome, friendship could be an actual friendship, where those involved mother a screen out of admiration and respect for each other, or a circle of favors where one Roman would do a favor for ano ther. It is possible that Catullus says that he will open this poem to Cornelius as a return of a favor that Cornelius did for Catullus or in order for Cornelius to does him a favor later down the line.But it seems more likely, ground on the way that he writes, that Cornelius and Catullus are good friends and Catullus is preserving his friends name at the same time as he is trying preserve his own and to ensure his legacy. The poem is ambiguous in the fact that it does not come right out and say whether Catullus is being sarcastic with his words. As stated earlier, it seems that the relationship between Catullus and Cornelius is one of friendship. However, there is room for interpretation towards the sarcastic side of Catullus writing.It could be that Cornelius is a critic of Catullus, who tries to make little of his great works of literature. The dedication could very be a jab at Cornelius if he is in fact a critic of Catullus writing. Catullus has used his poems to attack his critics before, as in Poem sixteen. He used his poetry to attack two critics, Aurelius and Furius, who were criticizing Catullus less than masculine writing style. These aspects of Roman culture, the preservation of legacies and the concept of amicitia, are shown not only in Catullus work, but also in other writings from the time.Many letters from Cicero to various correspondents show the value of amicitia, both the true friendship and the circle of favors that were both percentage of this friendship. When he writes to and about Tiro, it is shown that there will be an exchange of favors as Cicero has recently freed Tiro, who was his servant. In exchange, Tiro will be indebted to Cicero and will have to perform a service for him later to repay this favor. The preservation of legacies is apparent in other readings by Catullus as well. In Poems 68 and 101, Catullus uses his poetry to preserve the legacy of other men.He tells us of a friend of his named Allius and of his brother. This man, Allius, aided Catullus after the death of Catullus brother. He offered him a home to stay under and the schoolmarm of the house to take care of him. This poem also exemplifies the Roman favor system. In repayment for his aid to Catullus, Allius legacy was preserved in Poem 68. Catullus brother was also preserved in these poems. He tells us of the grief that he feels in the wake of his brothers death, and by doing so tells us of his brother. Catullus was a very strange writer to read.His poems could vary in subject matter from his obsession over Lesbia, to attacking his critics, to how he has writers block after the death of his brother. However, his poems did accomplish one of the most important of Roman goals. He was remembered. And through our remembrance of Catullus, we are given a small glimpse into Roman society in his life history and what was valued by that society. In addition to this, we also remember many other Roman men who he preserved with his poetry. Without the efforts of Catullus and many others in their attempts to be remembered, we would not have the wealth of information that we do today about life in Rome.

Meaning of Life and Australian Cultural Identity Essay

From separate catastrophes, two rural families flee to the city and ferret out themselves sharing a great, breathing, shuddering joint called Cloudstreet, where they begin their cognises again from scratch. For twenty years they roister and rankle, caper and curse until the roof over their heads becomes a home for their hearts. (Winton, 1991) Tim Wintons critically acclaimed novel, Cloudstreet is a masterful report of love, meaning and heartbreaking tragedy that speaks strongly of a post war Australian society that was essentially rebuilding itself after years of political upheaval and financial struggle.Good Morning/Afternoon Ladies and Gentleman. I am a representative of the National English Curriculum board and today I am here to demonstrate to you how Cloudstreet is authentic and believable, and as Marieke Hardy suggests It is Australian. Reading it felt like coming home. dying-to-end Cloudstreet, there argon numerous concepts that portray the Australian cultural ident ity element and the theme of morality and otherworldliness is especially prominent and appealing.The concept of luck, primal spirituality, and the bet for the meaning of bearing, are all Australian ideas that Winton like an expert portrays. Spirituality can be defined as a concern for that which is unseen or intangible as opposed to physical or mundane. (Greenberg, 2008) It encourages a sense of peace and purpose within an several(prenominal) and promotes a feeling of belonging. Additionally, religion can be defined as the belief in, and worship of a superhuman controlling power. (Religion) Both concepts are widely integrated into the core of the novel and are pictured through the Australian notion of luck. Luck, which some would argue has long been etched into the Australian consciousness as a common working class superstition, is, whether they are conscious of it or not, a form of religion for both families. The Pickles family, most(prenominal) notably Sam, rely on the s hifty shadow of God (p 12) to warn them nearly future events, while the Lambs simple game of spinning the knife (p 53) acts as their nonliteral life compass.The Lucky Country (Horne, 1964) is a phrase that originated from a book of the same name scripted in the 1960s, and since then, has gained widespread popularity and thus, been attached to the Australian culture for a long time. Winton has cleverly examined this historical context to incorporate an accurate facet of the Australian identity into the novel and its characters. Also related to the concept of luck, is the position that after Fish drowns, Oriel, once a devoted and god fearing Christian, begins to question her faith and the reliability of accept in God.When Fish is resuscitated, but only some of him comes approve, (p 32) both she and Lester are emotionally hale to abandon God and Christianity and instead, turn to luck, hard work and the idea that life and death, was all there was, (p 65) in order to endure their circumstances. This draws on the common Aussie battler tradition, of which a working class person overcame repugn situations through perseverance, faith and steadfast determination.In terms of the Australian cultural identity, Winton has again taken an grievous and recognized historical Australian idea and shaped it to evoke feelings of familiarity and intimacy between the readers and the characters of Cloudstreet. The frequent appearance of the Blackfella is yet another example of how the Australian cultural identity is portrayed through examination of primary Spirituality. However, in many scenes throughout the novel, the blackfella signifies both Christian and Aboriginal spirituality through allusion and comparison.For example, he is likened to delivery boy by walking on water and again when he produces a never ending picture of wine and bread in Quicks car. This comparison is particularly effective as it symbolises the coming together of Christianity and Aboriginality, whi ch was a particularly delicate Australian issue during the time period of the novel, due to Aboriginal marginalisation and the rise of Christian ideals.Essentially, the Blackfella acts as a reminder of the original religion inherent to Australia and its development, during a time when social and political change was overtaking that of its native beliefs. The Blackfella also acts as the conscience of the characters when they mother lost their way or their family unit is threatened. This can ultimately be seen when he leads Quick back to Cloudstreet after he runs away to the uncouth, knowing that Quick feels secretly lost without his family, and needs them to feel to the full alive.He also persuades Sam not the sell the house and states that you shouldnt break a place. Places are strong and important, (p 406) referring to not only the house and its tragic Aboriginal history, but also to the fragile families who live inside it. In doing so, he ensures that the families stay whole an d together, which is an important and dominating religious value for Aboriginality and Christianity, both during the time period of the novel and in our modern Australian society.Consequently, the Blackfellas role in Cloudstreet is a significant contribution to the novels relevancy to the Australian cultural identity. The Australian cultural identity is also illustrated in Cloudstreet through the spiritual symbolism and personification of the river, and its connection to the characters bet for the meaning of life. This is particularly significant for Quick Lamb, who, is spiritually linked to the river in a number of ways. The river acts as a place of peace, purpose and belonging for Quick.Connecting with his mother when they go prawning, glowing after fishing in the country, and most importantly, falling in love with Rose Pickles, are the most significant spiritually shaping events that Quick experiences while on the river. Through realising just how symbolically important the rive r is to him, Quick finally understands the trustworthy meaning of his life, and gains a feeling of belonging that allows him to finally shed his self-degrading title of the lost lamb. (p 310) Australia is a country that values the water.Geographically, we are surrounded by it, with most of our population residing close to the shores. As a aftermath of this, the water is seen as a common gathering place, from which one cannot easily escape nor regard as irrelevant to the Australian way of life. Winton has taken this idea and incorporated it into Cloudstreet, to emphasise and promote a relevant part of Australian culture. Finally, the rivers spiritual and religious connection to Fish Lamb is perhaps the most important concept of the novel.After Fish drowns and has his soul ripped into two separate pieces (spiritual fish and physical fish), the river that he so desperately longs for, essentially becomes his gateway to the spiritual world to the place where he belongs. It is not until the end of the novel when Fish is finally free to reunite with the water that he is truly whole again. I burst into the moon, sun and stars of who I really am. Being Fish Lamb. Perfectly. Always. Everyplace. Me.(p 424) For many, water in Australia is culturally considered to be the blood of the country a place of cleansing and rejuvenation. Likewise, for Fish, the river embodies the epitome of the spirit of Australia in the form of life giving water. Although his life was initially taken by the water, it is eventually returned to him when his physical self re-joins his spiritual self. In conclusion, Winton flawlessly encapsulates the cultural identity and spirit of Australia in Cloudstreet through symbolic representations of luck, Aboriginal spirituality and the search for the meaning of life.The characters connection with religion and spirituality resonates strongly with the reader and successfully evokes feelings of belonging and familiarity that confirms Cloudstreet is indeed a classic Australian novel. Bibliography Associates, R. Q. (2008, September 16). Ideology in Cloudstreet . Retrieved 2013, from www. englishcurriculum. com. au Cloudstreet Notes. (n. d. ). Retrieved 2013, from Sydney Home Tutoring http//www. sydneyhometutoring. com. au/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Details-Cloudstreet-notes. pdf. Dot site Notes Cloudstreet. (n. d. ).Retrieved 2013, from Sydney Home Tutoring http//www. sydneyhometutoring. com. au/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Dot-Point-Notes-Cloudstreet. pdf. Greenberg, N. (2008, October 8). Retrieved 2013, from Can Spirituality Be Defined http//notes. utk. edu/bio/unistudy. nsf/935c0d855156f9e08525738a006f2417/bdc83cd10e58d14a852573b00072525d Horne, D. (1964). The Lucky Country. Penguin Books Australia. Religion. (n. d. ). Retrieved 2013, from Google Definitions https//www. google. com. au/search? q=religion+definition Winton, T. (1991). Cloudstreet. McPhee Gribble.

Loftus and Palmer Evaluation Essay

The Loftus and Palmer fill is a laboratory experiment. This representation that the study is artificial. The artificiality of the setting seat intimidate participants or make them more obedient. This in turn can produce unnatural behavior and results that do non generalize to real bearing. This can be seen in experiment 2 when 12% of the control group reported seeing broken glass yet though they were unaffected by the verb. This could be attributed to the leading unbelief or to demand characteristics when participants look for cues as to what the research is about and behave accordingly, perhaps to please the researcher, especially as the participants in this case atomic number 18 students that may even be familiar with the researcher as they are from the same environment. In a nutshell, due to the nature of the experiment, it lacks ecological validity.In a real living situation there would be an element of surprise and an increase in emotion. Basically the eye-witness wou ld be in some way involved, which is not the case while watching the video the eye-witness is not part of the event. Furthermore, an eye-witness in a real life situation may discuss the event with other people which may alter their memory of the event. Lastly, an eye-witness may think more carefully about giving an answer when in a real life situation when they realize that their answer could judge how innocent or guilty a person is, they may hesitate and realize the importance, although when taking part in a study they may just project an answer without as much thought.The participants were students meaning that the researchers used an opportunity sample. This means that all the participants share current common characteristics and are not representative of society, these may acknowledge age, driving experience and educational background. If the study used a random sample the results could be generalized. This study was very useful because it introduced the notion of reconstruct ive hypothesis and that eye-witness testimony isntt reliable. This study, and studies similar to it, have led to changes nowadays as to how the police question and use the information given by witnesses. Certain other details that could also have influenced the participants answers include the colour or make of the car the driver the ability to estimate speed.

African Americans : the Role of Race Essay

Abstract The Following Essay defines and integrates the government agency race plays on the African American culture in their family values and politics in coincidence to the Anglo American Culture. The United States has become increasingly diverse in the last century. While African American families share many features with other U. S. families, the African American family has some distinctive features relating to the timing and approaches to marriage and family formation, sexual activity roles, parenting styles, and strategies for coping with adversity.African cultures, sla truly, slave rebellions, and the civil rights movements(circa 1800s-160s) come shaped African American religious, familial, political and economic behaviors. The belief of Africa is evident in myriad ways, in politics, economics, language, music, hairstyles, fashion, dance, religion and worldview, and food preparation methods. In the United States, the actually legislation that was designed to impoverish s laves of culture and deny them education served in many ways to prove it.In turn, African American culture has had a pervasive, transformative extend to on myriad elements of mainstream American culture, among them language, music, dance, religion, cuisine, and agriculture. This solve of mutual creative exchange is called creolization. Over time, the culture of African slaves and their descendants has been ubiquitous in its impact on not only the dominant American culture, but on world culture as well. The Role of Race According to the U. S. Census Bureau 13. 6 percent, 42 million, of the total U.S population was made of people who identified themselves as black. This is a 15. 4% increase from 2000 to 2010 (Rastogi, Johnson, Hoeffel & Drewery, 2011). Is it becoming increasingly effortful to describe the American black population, though the majority of American blacks trace their heritage to slavery, an increasing minority are voluntary immigrants or their descendants. More Af ricans open entered the United States since 1990 as voluntary immigrants than entered as slaves forwards slave trafficking was outlawed in the early nineteenth century ( Marger 2012 p. 178).Never before and in no other country have as many varied ethnic groups congregated and combined as they have in the United States. With such reputation, here is exactly where the famous term melting pot arises. This excogitation has traditionally been perceived as the best expression to describe the multi-ethnicity of America. Its basic idea presents the whole demesne as one large pot. Anyone who enters the United States is automatically thrown into this pot where, for the following years, a dish of assimilation into the American belief systems is taken place.Assimilation is all the cultural aspects that one brings into are commix together, or melted, to form a new culture. The outcome of this massive procedure is the melted version of a culture, which is described as characteristically Ame rican. It is notable that in this assimilation, the identities of each original culture are extinguish to bring out a complete new mixture Slavery Part of the control utensil of slavery was to strip African Americans of identity, language, and culture of their homeland. This was done by undermining and replacing family structures with temporary ones built rough identity as slaves.This undermining was not however entirely successful as many slaves organized themselves into family structures very similar to thermonuclear families. Family Formation Within African American families, the formation of a household often begins not with marriage, but with birth of a child. 56% of African American children are born into families where the fetch is not married to the biological father. Single women head 54% of African American households. African American women are taught to be strong and independent, to prepare for careers rather than rely on marriage for economic security. brotherhoo d According to the 2010 census only 40% of black households were married couples. While 40% of African American men and 35% of African American women over 18 had ever been married. Experts attribute this slump to eventors including a shortage of marriageable African American men and to structural, social, and economic factors. Black males have a 32 percent chance of serving time in prison, as compared to 6 percent of white males. closely one in three African American men in their twenties is in prison, on parole, or on probation.Blacks account for 28% of arrests even though they represent only 13% of the nations population. These realities decrease an African American womans chances of finding a marriageable mate. Conflict Theory suggests that higher(prenominal) arrest rate is not surprising for a group that is disproportionately poor and therefore practically less able to afford private attorneys, who might prevent formal arrests from taking place Parenting and curb African Am erican families tend to be more strict, to hold demanding behavioral standards, and to use physical discipline.This is however, match within a context of strong support and affection. Physical punishment among African American families commonly doesnt result in the same negative outcomes as it does for white children. Income and wealth In 2005 median value income of Black families was $37,500 compared with $64,663 for White non-Hispanic households. Black income today resembles that of Whites more than 10 years ago. African American unemployment is 11. 2 percent, which is more than double that of whites. Factors explaining official unemployment rate of young African American males * Many live in depressed economy of central cities* Immigrants and illegal aliens present increased competition * White middle-class women entered the boil force * Illegal activities at which youth find they can make more money have become more prevalent One in four African Americans are poor, compared to one in twelve whites Politics President Kennedy, in a 1961 executive order, was the first president to call for affirmatory action by prohibiting discrimination against minorities by contractors who receive federal funds. The order also told them to hire and set up minorities. Supporters of affirmative action sought not just equality of opportunity but equality of results.The fact that millions of Americans, both black and white, hoped that retired General Colin Powell, an African American, would run for president in 1996 was a milestone. The color of a persons skin was no longer a barrier to seeking the nations highest office. By 2004, there were 39 African Americans in the House of Representatives and more than 9,101 others in elective offices throughout the nation. Three African Americans served in the cabinet, and another sat on the Supreme Court. * Four hundred 45 African Americans were mayors of major cities. * A federal holiday is now observed for Dr.Martin Luther King, Jr. * Retired General Colin Powell held the highest force post * On January 20, 2009 Barrack Obama was sworn in as the 44th president of the Unites States. His inauguration was attend by an estimated 1. 8 million people on the Washington National Mall, the Capital grounds, and the parade route. Hundreds of millions in the country and around the world watched the historical event on television. Stressing unity, responsibility, change, and action. Obama declared, Starting today we must clop ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again, the work of remaking America. Slavery Part of the control mechanism of slavery was to strip African Americans of identity, language, and culture of their homeland. This was done by undermining and replacing family structures with temporary ones built around identity as slaves. This undermining was not however entirely successful as many slaves organized themselves into family structures very similar to nuclear families. n). Baltimore, Maryland Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration African American Families. (2001). Retrieved on July 11, 2005 from p2001. health. org/cit04/res7. htm Webb, Nancy Boyd. (2001).Culturally Diverse Parent-Child and Family Relationships. New York Columbia University Press. Woods, L. & Jagers, R. (2003). Are Cultural Values Predictors of Moral Reasoning in African American Adolescents? Journal of Black Psychology, 29, 102-118. Marger, M. N. (2012). Race and ethnic relations American and global perspectives, ninth edition. Belmont, CA Wadsworth Rastogi, S. , Johnson, T. D. , Hoeffel, E. M. , & Drewery, J. (2011, September). Retrieved from http//www. census. gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-06. pdf Live text Upload * Courses Main Page * SOC 240 HY 20 CLTR SSCI * SOC 240 HY 20 CLTR SSCI Assignments.

Mentoring Relationships: An Analysis

Mentoring is outlined as a form of teaching where one guides without leading and basically teaches by example. In essence, its well-nigh armed serviceing to learn how to achieve something. Mentoring tolerate be applied to a variety of field and specialties, including business, the academe, healthcare, and government. For this case study, the focal point of interest as to learning experiences in wise maning will be Dr. Rachel Lindsay.It can be said that Dr. Lindsay has had many different types of teaching consanguinitys in the course of her professional career. Currently a prof of nursing, her original intent was to be a physician. However, her first wise man became responsible for altering this course of action. This mentor is none other than her own mother, who happened to be a nurse as well. The influence her mother had play a large role in her decision to become a nurse instead, afterward visual perception the work her mother did and eventually becoming comfortable with it.Th e next major mentoring relationship she had afterwards was when she became a nurse consultant to a dentist who worked with chronically ill people. Her work with the dentist allowed her to gain an signify perspective of the lives of the chronically ill and affected. Subconsciously, her experiences laid the foundation for her even deeper concern for the welfare of others, especially after being party to the variant sufferings and vulnerabilities of the patients who came while she was under the tutelage of the dentist.However, while her experiences thus far with the mentoring work at had been successful and beneficial towards her overall development as an individual, there were also times when the system permit her down. When given the task of having to deliver a course for nurses who work in nursing homes, Dr. Lindsay immediately notice a problem with the course in question. Hoping to rectify the situation, she approached her dean, whom she looked up to, in the hopes of him becom ing her mentor and help her revise the course to make it a soften one.Unfortunately, the dean did not honor this request and except disappointed her. This became her first experience at being let down by a achievable mentor in her life. This was further proven when she discussed her career plans, exactly to find that he was against nurses with advanced degrees. Disillusioned, Dr. Lindsay off to a nurse practitioner only to be disappointed again her new mentor only seemed content with discussing procedural knowledge but not abstract changes.These happenings turned out to be for the better however because it signaled her return to the hospital setting, where she would later handle staff development classes and meet another mentor in her life, Bob the HR director. Under him, she learned many new things, not just about the profession itself, but with dealing with others and outside pressures as well. It would not be long before she became fit enough to move on to another job.Dr. Li ndsay eventually ended up in the academe, where another mentor emerged in the form of her division chair. Just like her other mentors, this one did not seem threaten or impressed that much with her degrees or experience, thus their working relationship became very good indeed. This relationship would soon be tested because of a case of plagiarism of one of Dr. Lindsays students, and it can be said that neither Dr. Lindsay nor the subject chair in question saw eye to eye on how best to treat the student.In summary, after all her experiences with different mentors, Dr. Lindsays mentoring tool kit should entangle the knowledge she has gained through her many years in formal education, plus the knowledge she gained through her various experiences. This, combined with the many years she spent under various mentors will help her to become the well-nigh effective mentor possible.ReferencesGibson, S. K. (2004). Being mentored The experience of women faculty. Journal of CareerDevelopment, 30(3), 173-188. Stewart, B., & Krueger, L. (1996). An evolutionary concept analysis of mentoring in nursing.Journal of Professional Nursing, 12, 311-321. Veenman, S., & Denessen, E. (2001). The coaching of teachers Results of five trainingstudies. Educational Research and Eva

Automobile and Cars Essay

The official definition of an automobile is a passenger vehicle designed for operation on ordinary roads and typically having four wheels and a gasolene or diesel versed- blaze locomotive engine (Merriam-Webster 51). There is no one person accredited for the invention of the automobile, but rather a collection of advancements that evolved into the modern-day automobile (Smith 12). Today, there are approximately 600 million passenger vehicles in being planetary, with numbers rapidly increase in emerging economic power countries, much(prenominal) as mainland China and India (Smith 23).A Flemish man named Ferdinand Verbiest introduced the offset printing design for a self-propelled vehicle in 1672, in China, n archaean one hundred years before the first internal combustion engine (Smith 25). From the belatedly seventeenth century to the early 19th century, a series of vehicles, all propelled by steam, were constructed and demonstrated worldwide (Smith 34). The steam car was a superior machine in the nineteen hundreds (Smith 34). Steam cars were responsible for public travel, commercial transportation and even held land speed records (Smith36).It wasnt until 1807 that the worlds first internal combustion engine was created, in France, by Nicephore Niepce (Smith 36). Another leader in the creation of the internal combustion engine was Francois Issac de Rivaz, who revolutionized the fuel that the engines ran on (Smith 36). Early automobiles powered by internal combustion engine ran on fuel made of powered and coal mixed with oil or a mixture of elements, such as hydrogen and oxygen (Smith 36). In 1824, and Englishman named Samuel Brown adapted the steam engine to burn gasoline and created the first gas vacuum engine (Smith 38).Sir Dougald Clerk, of Scotland, was accredited in 1876 for designing the first successful two-stroke engine (Smith39). In 1890, Wilhelm Mayback created the first four-cylinder, four-stroke engine (Smith39). Everything intensifyd in 1885, when vehicle engineering took a sharp turn towards the afterlife in regards to efficiency and affordability, thanks to the German inventor, Karl Benz (Smith 49). As the market for economical automobiles in the late nineteenth century began to grow, the need for industrial production was pressing. Benz patented the first four-stroke engine to be placed in his companys production automobiles in 1888 (Smith 50).The first large-scale assembly production lines appeared in the early 1900s, many of which are still around today (Smith 24). Oldsmobile and Ford were two of the first companies to successfully construct vehicles to meet the vast automotive market needs. American entrepreneur, Henry Ford, invented and improved the assembly line and installed the first conveyor belt system in his automobile manufacturing plant, based in Detroit, Michigan (Smith 95). Assembly lines cut production costs by training workers to become experts with one specific part of the automobile or machi nery, thus reducing production costs (Smith 97).Ford introduced the Model T in 1908, which could be assembled in an unprecedented ninety-three minutes. In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, governments began to create and enforce automobile safety and environmental regulations (Smith 103). The realism Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations is a working party of the United Nations Economic commission for Europe (UNECE), the goal of this organization is to facilitate international trade by creating a uniform stupefy of regulations for vehicle design (Corbett 67).The UNECE is also responsible for creating and enforcing regulations on vehicle safety among automotive manufacturers (Corbett 69). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than one million people are injured or fatally wounded on the worlds roads annually (Corbett 70). Some examples of vehicle regulations include home belts, air bags and laminated windshields (Corbett 71). Seat belts limit the forward motion of the driver or passengers and absorb kinetic dynamism by stretching to retain movement if an accident occurs (Corbett 71).Air bags inflate to cushion to cushion the pertain of the vehicle occupants and are placed in various locations in the vehicles interior, such as steering wheels, dash and doors (Corbett 71). Laminated windshields are designed to remain in one piece when impacted to close out shattering, while maintaining visual clarity just after an accident has occurred, allowing the driver to safely redirect themselves from distresss way (Corbett 71). There are also regulations for vehicle side windows and back windshield (Corbett 72).Windows and effectuate wind shields must be manufactured with tempered glass, which breaks into granules with minimally sharp edges, rather than splitting into scraggy fragments as ordinary glass does (Corbett 72). Many new luxury features, such as paint color choices, differences in interior and upgraded designs and envi ronmental features much as electric or hybrid engines in the twentieth century emerged on the market (Anderson and Anderson 167). The modern day automobile is a vehicle of evolutionary change and has transformed exponentially over the last several centuries.Today, the leaders manufacturers of automobiles are Toyota (Japan), General Motors (USA), Volkswagen (Germany) and Ford (USA) (Corbett 22). These leading manufacturers all embody features and characteristics that make their product and branding unique and memorable, as rise as imperishable by worldwide government standards which include regulations of vehicle safety, environmental protection, energy efficiency and theft immunity (Corbett 13-16, 18).The evolution of motor vehicles from the seventeenth century to present-day is astounding. It would be reasonable to argue that the automobile is the exclusive most evolved piece of modern machinery of all time. Motor vehicle usage has evolved over time, beginning with utilise for personal leisure and developed for commercial transportation, public transit and racing. The transformation of production and assembly, as well as the addition of customizable features mark the individualistic ideals of the twenty-first century.There no doubt, motor vehicles will broaden to evolve throughout time with environmental needs at the forefront worldwide and the ever-growing necessity of increasing luxury among automobile owners. Works Cited Anderson, Curtis Darrel, and Judy Anderson. Electric and Hybrid Cars A History. Chicago McFarland, 2010. Print. Corbett, David. A History of Cars. freshly York Gareth Stevens Publishers, 2005. Print. Merriam-Webster, Inc. , . Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary. 11th. New York Merriam-Webster, Inc. , 2003. Print. Smith, Kaelyn. A Brief History of Automobiles. New York Websters Digital Services, 2011. Print.

Regional Coordination for Tourism Planning Research Paper

Regional Coordination for Tourism Planning - look for Paper ExampleThe growing global concern about environment has contributed to the concept of sustainable ecotourism from which few regions like Maldives, Kenya and Belize tolerate taken advantage by maintaining their natural resources to target tourism market (Moutinho 2000). This study in particular, will discuss the point that regional coordination is essential in tourism planning in order to attain the policy objectives at their anticipated levels.To illustrate, a plan that aims tourism development of a particular region has to be comprised of socio-economic, legal, environmental, and religious components. As the initial stages of development, the tourism policy must condense on providing adequate facilities to accommodate and entertain the visitors. Moreover such places must be equipped with on the whole basic facilities like water, telephone, banking currency exchange etc. transport is another important area which inesc apably special attention. alone modes of transportations whether air, water or road have their own roles in the sustainability of tourism industry. All the above factors can be assimilated only through the coordination of local governments, stakeholders, and the residents of the locality.Tourism planning is neither top-down nor bottom-up process instead, it is an interactive or collaborative approach that involves the various processes like governess between organisations and stakeholders, and fundamental interaction between various levels of organisation (Bramwell & Lane 2000, p.146). However, what kind of development plan is required depends on the geographic feature of an area. In general sense, developmental initiatives and strategic concerns come within the following areas.Environmental issues have grown to be one of the major concerns of tourism planning all over the world. Hence, all policies including al-Qaida developmental strategies should ensure the conservation of the environment

Media Realtions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media Realtions - Assignment ExampleThe campaign thus intends to table service the noble cause of aligning the needs of childless couples to that of orphaned children and fetch the benefits of a rewarding conduct to both.The traditional adoption programs usually do non offer the prospective parents or children the fortune to pound to know each other well enough. In such systems, the couple visits any of the orphanages that allow adoption, accept a look at the children and decide to adopt one. Thus, while the prospective parents do receive the opportunity to select the child of their liking, the children do not have the option to select the parents they want. On the other hand, the practical(prenominal) Family Program offers both the children as well as the couples to interact for a reasonable time and to have bonding, which leave alone make the adoption more meaningful. By adopting such a strategy, the campaign will assuage a forging of a proper emotional birth among the p eople involved, which would be advantageous to them in the long run. The main goal of Sweet Home Orphanage is to provide the children a meaningful relationship which is the equivalent of a relationship between biological parents and their children. It also recognizes the importance of providing children with the pay environment that will help nurture their psychological as well as cognitive and physical developments in the right direction.The main message of the campaign is to create awareness that society has a responsibility towards orphaned children not merely in the context of extending monetary support but also in finding them qualified and appropriate homes so that they can grow up within the environment of a family, receiving love and cautiousness of parents who can treat them like their own children.Representatives from all categories of media, including print and electronics will be involved in the campaign. However, the main focus will be local and

Donner Party Disaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Donner ships company Disaster - establish ExampleDefining the events, circumstances and the effects which occurred can too create a deeper understanding of what occurred and how the matter should be looked into. This will help to justify the tragedy and create an understanding of the dangers that come with traveling to California. The Donner Party disaster began in 1846 with 500 wagons that decided to preempt west for independence and to be a region of the growth in California. This was establish on the ideology of creating a large Catholic community and with the excogitation of Manifest Destiny as a part of the application. The proposal of route was defined offshoot by George Donner, who was going west to help with re-building a life in which Catholic beliefs could easily be practiced. It was also associated with James Reed who was interested in helping with his wifes recovery, who was suffering from tuberculosis. The leader of the crowd through Wyoming was William Russell who set the route for all 500 wagons. This created the first problem, which was a delay because of an uprising in the river and which caused many to reconsider the approach needed to cross the river (McGlashan, p. 16). This first problem which arose was one of circumstance besides what is led to the final outcome of the event. The initial problem with the route was defined when Hastings sent garner to emigrants interested in starting a new wife. The experience which Hastings had also created a good word to start a new route and to travel in large groups. However, this explanation didnt depict information on what the new route should be with most of the territory being unexplored. This was followed by the leading who tried to work on the trailer, including Donner, Bryant and Jim Bridger. The approach which was taken was to avoid hostile Indians and to take an approach based on an easier route than Hastings took. Similar to the first problem, the decision made by all leaders was based on finding a simpler route and looking for solutions to the main problem. From this perspective, none can be blamed over the unknown circumstances which were faced. Hastings was also riding ahead with the new trail, specifically to assist with the difficulties however, the objective of getting over the mountain passes led most with the need to continue to move through the journey. It was the leadership that was based on a difficult journey that led to mishaps and difficulties during the travels (Rarick, p.11). The last esteem to make was when the families began to split on the journey. This is key to the outcome of the tragedy, specifically beginning with the distrust between Reed, Donner and the Eddys. The first problem was critical, specifically because the families had to try to move before the snow fell. The decision to disperse instead of call up together because of the growing distrust was the largest mistake made. This was followed by the families getting stuck in a blizzard, which was also circumstantial and led to the desperation of those in the mountains to eating each otherwises flesh. When looking at the diaries and other pieces of evidence, each points to the blizzard as the main problem, which led to the lack of a crew coming to free the emigrants and a lack of capabilities in trying to move forward (Stewart, p. 21). When looking at the circumstances, it can be seen that there was no fault that took place among those who were trying to make it to the west. The circumstances of weather, taking in a new path and trying to find easier routes for travel were all situations which could not be helped. Holding the Donners or others responsible for the unknown then becomes problematic. This is combined with the misunderstandings of the lack of

Gun control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

shot ensure - Essay pillowcase1). It is the responsibility of the governments to reduce firearms forcefulness by developing throttle statement programs that make it more arduous for people to acquire and use guns. Federal, state, and local governments and law enforcement agencies need to better understand the gun violence problem so their limited resources can be effectively employed. This paper argue that gun control policies can significantly influence the number of wipeouts and injuries from firearms wedge Control Gun control is the government enacting or so type of legislation to restrict availability of firearms or ammunition. The majority of governments that have implemented gun control legislation have foc utilize on firearms ownership restrictions and background checks in attempt to reduce firearms violence. The common objective is to reduce a criminals access to firearms in the hope that violent crime will be reduced. Currently, large urban atomic number 18as of the United States are attempting to deal with a host of issues related to firearms violence. Governments have used different types of laws and enforcement techniques in an attempt to eliminate or reduce firearms violence. The large numbers of homicides that occur in these areas have resulted in public pressure to effectively deal with the problem. Jurisdictions have attempted to lower the add of firearms violence by enacting a number of laws on a whole range of issues related to firearms. ... 63-79) analyze gun availabilitys effect on violent crime and found that a reduction in gun availability reduced the homicide rate and there was some change in the robbery rate. Why Gun Control in Necessary? Firearm injuries and deaths have reached an epidemic level in the United States. No other industrialized country in the world has comparable rates of mortality, morbidity, or financial cost incurred from firearm ownership and use (Fingerhut and Klein, 3290-3295). Firearm injuries are the se cond take cause of injury death in the United States, and since 1972 have killed on average more than 30,000 people each year (Marwick, 1). to a greater extent than 80 Americans die every single day as a result of firearms (Egendorf 74). While trends for the leash cause of injury death, motor vehicles, have been declining, deaths from firearms have increased. In some regions of the country, firearm deaths far elapse motor vehicle fatalities (Hoyert, Kochanek, Murphy 1). A study by Cohen & Steiner (p. 1-8) ranked firearms as the 11th leading cause of death in the United States. Unlike motor vehicles, firearms are much less regulated. Firearms are not subject to any manufacturing standards or government oversight. For example, in many states, the purchase of guns does not claim any licensing, education on how to use them, regulations for storage, or limitations on design or manufacturing (Egendorf 74). In 1998, quintuple out of six handguns made in United States lacked basic maga zine safeties to prevent the firearm from exit when the clip is removed or load indicators that would indicate when a bullet is in the gun (Vernick et al., 427-440). Gun manufacturers are producing more and more guns. About 4.5 million new firearms, including two million handguns are sell each year in the

Risk Analysis and Hazard Mitigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risk Analysis and adventure Mitigation - Essay ExampleIn this case, my organizations make complex is the put for which stake mitigation actions argon required. First, the confinement is to be subjected to a thorough risk assessment individually by the project management personnel. The risks assessed are to be compiled into one entity. Risk gloveling is determined by the temper of the risks identified and the personnel assigned particular risks to monitor, especially those that are not transferred in nature. The personnels duty is to monitor the identified risk and report to the risk management team and initiate receipt actions in respect to that particular risk. A detailed description of the risk is provided to enhance teamwork since precise teaching is key to the success of risk management through effective communication among the team members. In fact, at this stage the main objective is to identify risks and provide a detailed description to be utilise to determine poten tial and approximately give up solutions (riskinstitute.org). I would employ the five methods of risk identification for the building complex project. First, documentation reviews would be quite essential in order to determine the complications caused by the likely risks and other related requirements as well. For instance, a review of the project design and the planned implementation would be best tackled by the use of this method. Consequently, identifying inconsistencies between the proposed activities and alternative practices with projectss internal operations would be well handled. In addition, this would facilitate an effective means to identify and solve any conflict in the outgrowth of risk management activities. The success of this legal action is absolutely dependent on effective culture gathering. info gathering method entails thorough brainstorming, interviewing the persons involved and analyzing the cause of every particular risk identified. To obtain the most possible volume of ideas, I would employ brainstorming and interviewing since external and internal parties involved in the project would make an equal contribution. This would enable a team work spirit since the project owners, shareholders and the end users or rather clients are given an opportunity to provide their insights, which could not be identified without involving them in the process. Overall, the model is a SWOT analytical approach to potential challenges to the project. This enhances project management since a breakdown of the information gathered through interviews and brainstorming activities is applied in the most appropriate way to tackle the risks identified. additionally check list analysis is another method I would use to solve the multiple tasks, which are similar in nature fro this project. For instance, one on one interview with customers on their concerns in regards to the project would gather information on every aspect that affects them directly on comple tion of the project. Therefore, it would be appropriate to conduct interviews on all issues either correctly or sub-divide them for respective issues. In either way, the activity seeks to gather the customers point of view on the project and interview correspondence would provide first hand information thus appropriate for other related aspects of the project that require customers input. Finally, I would employ

Online Casino Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Online casino - Research Paper ExampleCertain online casinos publish the percentage audits of payouts over their websites while others claim increase payback percentages over the games of slot machine. Table games e.g. blackjack are provided with a house edge over other games given online casinos work according to a precisely programmed random number generator. The rules of games dictate the payout percentages for them. Companies that learn or sell software to the online casinos include but are not limited to International mealy Technology, CryptoLogic Inc, Playtech, Realtime Gaming, and Microgaming.The future of a casino is shaped by a whole range of prudently worked out business strategies that help make the business successful. This sector has a wealth of tips and hints to offer that layabout be customized or adapted as such to make a variety of kinds of business successful regardless of their size or remit. Some of the business strategies commonly followed by casinos are di scussed as follows totally sorts of casinos including both online and offline are equipped with a wide array of games ranging from craps to poker. The games are carefully elect to suit the taste of customers of almost every class and age. Casino is not just a iodin unit where people come and play games. A casino is usually an interwoven system of unlike kinds of services and products. For example, customers at casinos get a chance to win money by winning the games. precise smartly, the casino owners have also developed a mechanism that ensures that the money thus earned by the customers is retained in the casino. This is achieved by providing the customers with access to eatables and drinks at the restaurants that are part of the casino and share the analogous theme. The intelligent business strategy is to ensure increased expenditure by the customers on the goods and services offered by the casino owners. Casino owners tend to cover as many areas of service and recreation as th inkable to optimize

Panasonic- Participation Strategy in Brazil Essay

Panasonic- Participation Strategy in Brazil - Essay ExampleOrganizations shoot a range of entry styluss to choose from when entering a foreign market. The choice of entry mood depends on the specific requirements of the worry. Primarily, it depends on the degree of control the trading wants over its operations and the risk that the mode implies (Schmidt 2010, p.18). Depending on the level of control, entry modes dissolve be grouped into high/full controls or subaltern/shared controls. There are advantages and disadvantages to each mode of entry, which would be discussed subsequently. 3.1.1. Exporting Exporting is done by workes who are intending to sell home-produced products in foreign countries. It is one of the most widely used modes of entry be causal agent of its simplicity. It saves the business the cost of setting up a production facility in the target country. It is preferable because it allows the business to penetrate the market slowly and steadily, without risking much. Although it gives an insight into future expansion, exporting, however, does not allow for a quick feedback to its customers. Exported products pay back tariffs levied on them and there are a number of logistical obstructions in delivering the product from the producer to the consumer (Ireland, Hoskisson and Hitt 2011, p.176). 3.1.2. Licensing Licensing is other choice, offering benefits such as lesser capital investment and evasion of trade barriers. It allows a secure operating in the target country to use the companys intellectual property and resources for introducing the business albeit under the control of the licensor. Thereby, licensing does not offering autonomy over operations in fact it makes the licensee aver more on the licensor. Licensing has lesser risks associated with it but it does not promote profitability in the long fountain nor ensures if the licensor would not exploit the companys resources, becoming a competitor itself (Ireland et al 2011, p.177). 3.1.3. strategical alliances Strategic alliances are yet another form of entry mode whereby the business works together with a company based in the local market. On the foremost basis, it allows the firm to gain strategic advantages, shunt trade barriers and to gain economies of scale. However, it requires that a lot of research is undertaken to find a company with which to corroborate with. The consequences of working(a) with a company whose values and core objectives are not aligned with the company expanding abroad can completely undermine the purpose of such a venture. The degree of control can overly cause significant ripples (Anonym 2008, p.16). 3.1.4. Foreign Direct Investment Compared to other entry modes, this mode of entry is generally possible and allows the organisation to gain complete ownership rights of the facility without any share with a partner. It offers the organisation great control over its operations and allows a deeper insight into consumer behaviour i n the target country. Companies which cannot export products payable to their characteristic nature benefit greatly from such direct investment (Cullen and Parboteeah 2008, p.283). However a major(ip) drawback of such a venture is that it is time-consuming and not only requires extensive knowledge and skills transfer, but is also demanding in terms of capital and management (Ireland et al 2009, p.159). It is also takes time to establish the brand

Grammar and Composition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Grammar and Composition - Essay Example write - Organization weather sheet Three-Step Format for Thesis Statement Specific Support for split up 1 have intercourse with test Specific Support for Paragraph 2 Experience with profs Specific Support for Paragraph 3 Experience with paper work drawing off - Organization yellow journalism Thesis Statement with Three-Step Format I am me because of the valuable lessons and elections that I have made and learned through my tests, my professors, and my papers. pen - Organization Sheet Introduction - readers attention and states thesis statement Paragraph 1 But the drive to learn should exist in all of us nevertheless Drafting - Organization Sheet The last condemnation of the scratch paragraph And yes, it is a conscious effort on my part to go through all of these experiences. Drafting - Organization Sheet Paragraph 2 (first point of your thesis) I wasnt born good in math Drafting - Organization Sheet Paragraph 3 (second point of your th esis) A certain professor while teaching me about the important of sacrifice, studying and success, stated that students learn at different rates. Paragraph 4 a.) Explain how the third point is developed in this paragraph. The third point is about how I did my essays and term papers. b.) What is good about this paragraph? What is good about this paragraph is the way it is written- it has than already learned person tone in contrast to the second paragraph where the tone sounds dreary. c.) How could this paragraph be improved? Drafting - Organization Sheet Paragraph 5 (conclusion) In the end, what makes each of us really different is our choice to always have the drive to improve, to learn and to surpass oneself. Drafting - Organization Sheet The last sentence (End with a clincher) I choose to be me and that in the world makes all the difference. (wordplay) Five-Paragraph Essay Revision Sheet Paragrap

A Report of Community Engagement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A survey of Community Engagement - Essay ExampleFor any maven who has never experienced a Relay for Life event, it is an unspeakable event that on the wholeows for people to come together who have in some way been touched by cancer. There is not one single person who has not been someways directly or indirectly been affected by cancer. This event allows for people to come in to celebrate the lives of the survivors who have fought cancer and to mark the loved ones who have lost the battle. Money is raised for Relay for Life prior to the event and during it with all types of activities. In this case, I was a member of a team for Relay for Life and for each team, one person is supposed to walk around the track at all times during the 24 mo long event. By doing this event, I felt as if I was able to give back by both raising money and by contributing my time to help raise awareness almost cancer. I participated in this event because I felt a tie to it and a need to tang the social responsibility. Since cancer affects so many people that I have known in my lifetime, it moreover seemed like the best way to try to commemorate how they impacted my life, not just during their lives, but unfortunately, at the time of their deaths as well.There was not a single part of me that did not want to somehow give back.

Underage drinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Under term drinking - Essay ExampleA statistical voyage through this social malady would be more(prenominal) helpful to lowstand the inherent danger that under age drinking possess to our society. It has been estimated that each course of instruction roughly vanadium thousand young flock succumb to underage drinking. Here underage implies age below 21. Among these 5000 ill fortunate young blood, fragmentize in motor vehicle claims 1900 lives, 1600 dies of murder and 300 ends their own lives. Ironically this high number of manner casualty seems to fetch little effect on opening our eyes to this great danger that looms close to our society. A survey among y knocked out(p)hs that has been carried on during 2005 revealed that 75% of the 12th graders, well over 66% of the tenth graders and 40% of the 8th graders are addicted to alcohol. More alarming fact is that heavy drinking or glut drinking as it is popularly known is a common phenomenon among 29% of 12th graders, 22% of 1 0th graders and 11% of 8th graders. Consuming alcohol rapidly such as more than four to five drinks at heart two hours increases the blood alcohol concentration to an unprecedented high level of 0.08 grams% this can train erratic behavior on behalf of the concerned underage person. Interestingly knowing all these have alone led to the decline of the age of alcohol consumption over the years. As an example in the year 1965 the average age of beginners of alcohol was 17 and half. In 2003 the age of the first timer regarding alcohol has declined to 14. much(prenominal) a decrease in first timer age regarding alcohol consumption reflects a heavy(a) social problem, as it has been observed that people who start primordial with alcohol, especially before the age of 15 are four times more prone to grow alcohol dependency (severe alcoholism) at nearly point of their lives (especially during the middle ages). Again such dependency often precedes middle age and starts quite early at yo ung age and might be even during the adolescents. Moreover early drinkers are more likely to be socially maladjusted and cause harm to others as well as themselves. defective behaviours such as taking illegal drugs like marijuana, cocaine and others are more likely to be found among early drinkers. Changing of sex partners and simultaneously having sex with more than one person is too more common among underage drinkers. They also have been found to get poor grade in schools and Ds and Fs are common among them. It is worth keeping in mind that the associated problems with underage drinking that have been discussed so far expose one million high school students all over the States to great danger as the number associated with underage drinking in America has been found around that figure. (Alcohol Alert, 2006) Questions might be asked that even after knowing the consequences why such practise among youths is growing mean solar day by day? According to scientists and psychologists, teenage is an age when a person seeks adventure and tries to explore the unknown, if he or she considers alcohol among those unexplored horizons then they might feel attracted to alcohol as well. Through out the adolescence conception regarding alcohol undergoes several changes. It starts with a negative feeling regarding alcohol consumption at the age of 9 but strangely by 13 they consider it as holding something fairy within itself and thats when the problem began. It has also been observed that youth with troublesome nature and aggression as a main type of characteristic, anxious, lonesome and upset tend to consume alcohol at a much early age than others. It has been observed