Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Essay -- Disease, Disorders

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is the most common childhood genus Cancer be for around 20-30% of all childhood neoplasms. Annual incidence rates digress worldwide between one and four cases per 100,000, primarily in children ripens devil - six years old (1). The disease is less common in adults, with only around 1,000 cases being diagnosed annually and with a significantly take down cure rate, r arly exceeding 40%. In turn, infants diagnosed under the age of one have an even poorer survival rate of 30%. some(prenominal) studies in monozygotic fit and neonatal blood smears have indicated a clear antepartum origin for childhood cases, detecting specific transmissible abnormalities in prenatal samples, which may act as initiating events although clearly however postnatal events are required for transformation (2 3 4). TEL-AML fusion genes, for example, were open up in 1% of newborn samples, which is significantly greater than the number of every last(predicate) cases, clearl y demonstrating that there may often be a prenatal origin for initial patrimonial aberrations and that further genetic alterations are undeniable to develop ALL (3 4). A small study further supports a prenatal origin in a pair of monozygotic twins with childhood B cell precursor (BCP) ALL with identical cytogenetical abnormalities, signifying a prenatal foundation, as well various contrasting genetic lesions illustrating that further genetic events are required to generate a cancerous phenotype (2). A few inherited syndromes such as Downs syndrome, Blooms syndrome and other genetic syndromes have also been associated with a risk. Environmental factors may also play a role in the development of ALL such as exposure to radiation, chemotherapy and possibly infections. 2 infection based theories based on observ... ...entical twins. Maia, AT, et al. 2202-2206, s.l. Nature Leukemia, 2003, Vol. 17.3. Chromosome translocations and covert leukemic clones are generated during normal fe tal development. Mori, Hiroshi, Colman, Susan and al, et. 12, s.l. PNAS, 2002, Vol. 99. 8242-8247.4. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Pui, Ching-Hon, Robison, Leslie and Look, A Thomas. 1030-43, s.l. Lancet, 2008, Vol. 371.5. Infections and immune factors in cancer the role of epidemiology. Kinlen, Leo. 6341-6348, s.l. Nature Oncogene, 2004, Vol. 23.6. Kanwar, Vikramjit S. Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Medscape Reference. Online November 21, 2011. http//emedicine.medscape.com/article/990113-overview.7. Targeting paediatric neat lymphoblastic leukaemia novel therapies currently in development. Lee-Sherick, Alisa B, et al. 2010, British Journal of Haematology, pp. 295-311.