Compare and Contrast the Transport Principles of Economy of Scale and Economy of Distance Essay Example

Compare and Contrast the Transport Principles of Economy of Scale and Economy of Distance Paper On Business logistics Course Code: MKT-406 Program: BBA Semester: FALL-10 Submitted To: Mr. Md. Ismail haider Lecturer of Marketing Department of Marketing BUBT Submitted By: Farhan Nowroze Noor ID: 01 Intake: 14th [pic] Bangladesh University of Business Technology (BUBT) Submission Date: 30th December, 2010 1. Compare and contrast the transport principles of economy of scale and economy of distance. Illustrate hoe they combine to create efficient transportation? Ans: There are two fundamental principle that impact transportation efficiency Economy of scale in transportation is the cost per unit of weight decreases as the size of a shipment increases. Transportation economy of scale exist because fixed cost associated with transportation a load over the increase weight and cost of loading, unloading, invoicing. Ex: shipment, larger capacity transportation vehicle (rail, water, airplane) are less cost per unit of weight than smaller capacity transportation vehicle (bus, truck). Economy of distance: it refers to decreased transportation cost per unit of weight as distance increases. It also referred as tapering principle. Ex: at a small weight shipment 800 miles will cost less to perform than two shipment each moving 400 miles. 2. Describe the five modes of transportation, identifying the most significant characteristic of each. Ans: Five modes of transportation are: o Rail o Truck o Air o Water o Pipeline Rail: characteristics of railway transportation: I. Economically transport capability for large shipment II. Railroads have largest percentage of intercity freight ton miles III. Train enjoys relatively low variable operating cost IV. Train enjoys relatively large tonnage over long distance V. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast the Transport Principles of Economy of Scale and Economy of Distance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast the Transport Principles of Economy of Scale and Economy of Distance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast the Transport Principles of Economy of Scale and Economy of Distance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Railroad operation have fixed cost VI. Electrification and technology development reduced variable cost per ton VII. Train is faster and more expensive to operate VIII. It is nonstop from origin to destination Truck: characteristics of truck in highway transportation: I. Trucks have flexibility to transport. II. Motor carriers have the largest revenue. III. It is able to operate on a variety of roadways IV. Ability to operate door to door V. Trucks have relatively small fixed investment than other modes. VI. Truck operations are characteristics by low fixed cost and high variable cost. VII. Truck handle small shipment moving short distances. VIII. Easy to moving from wholesaler warehouses to retail store. Water: characteristics of waterway transportation: I. Water is oldest mode of transportation II. Capacity to transport extremely large shipment III. Ability to achieve economy of distance. IV. Moderate fixed cost V. Low variable cost to transport large tonnage. Pipeline: characteristics of pipeline transportation: I. Pipeline transportation use basically for petroleum ton miles movement. II. It transported natural types of product III. Pipeline is unique than others. IV. Pipelines operate 24 hr and 7 days nonstop. V. Limited only commodity change over. VI. Highest fixed cost and variable cost. Air: characteristics of air transportation: I. The newest but utilize mode of transportation. II. Airfreight lies in the speed than others III. Very much costly. IV. Use sensitive product transportation. V. High fixed cost and variable cost. 3. What is the motor carrier freight transportation the most used method of product shipment? Ans: Highway transportation has expended rapidly since the end of World War II. Today motor transportation is the most used method of product shiftiest because: I. Trucks have flexibility to transport. II. Motor carriers have the largest revenue. III. It is able to operate on a variety of roadways IV. Ability to operate door to door V. Trucks have relatively small fixed investment than other modes. VI. Truck operations are characteristics by low fixed cost and high variable cost. VII. Truck handle small shipment moving short distances. VIII. Easy to moving from wholesaler warehouses to retail store. 4. What is the economic justification for the rapid growth of premium package services? Ans: Economic justification for the rapid growth of premium package services: Package services represent an important part of logistics, and the influence of carriers in this segment is increasing because of their size and intermodal capabilities. The advent of e-commerce and need for summer-direct fulfillment have significantly increased demand for package delivery. While package services are expanding, the services required do not fall neatly into the traditional model classification scheme. Packages are regularly transported by using the line-haul services of rail, motor, and air. Package service provides both regular and premium services. 5. Why is it Important for a logistics manager to have a degree of understanding of transportation regulatory history? Ans: Transportation is a key activity in logistics because it moves product through the various stages of production and ultimately to consumers. Transportation infrastructure introduced major principles of transportation economics and provided a brief historical summary of government regulation. That’s why it is important that logistics managers have appreciation and understanding of regulation history to fully appreciate the logic underlying today’s transport system. 6. Why have railroad miles declined during a period of national growth? Ans: Historically railroads have declined the largest number of ton miles in the world. Before World War II it ranked first among all the mode of transportation. As a early development of a comprehensive rail network connecting almost all cities, towns intercity. But after World War II with the technology development serious motor carrier competition began to develop and railway share revenues and began to decline. The extensive development of road and highway will soon change the ranking of railway. 7. Railroads have the largest percentage of intercity freight ton-miles, but motor carriers have the largest revenue. How do you explain this relationship? Ans: Railway and motor both are the mode of transportation so they have the relationship but rail taken largest percentage of intercity freight ton-miles because: I. Economically transport capability for large shipment II. Railroads have largest percentage of intercity freight ton miles III. Train enjoys relatively low variable operating cost IV. Train enjoys relatively large tonnage over long distance V. Railroad operation have fixed cost VI. Electrification and technology development reduced variable cost per ton VII. Train is faster and more expensive to operate VIII. It is nonstop from origin to destination But motor carries the largest revenue because: I. Trucks have flexibility to transport. II. Motor carriers have the largest revenue. III. It is able to operate on a variety of roadways IV. Ability to operate door to door V. Trucks have relatively small fixed investment than other modes. VI. Truck operations are characteristics by low fixed cost and high variable cost. VII. Truck handle small shipment moving short distances. VIII. Easy to moving from wholesaler warehouses to retail store. 8. Discuss the fundamental difference between TOFC and COFC. Why double stacking was considered a major innovation in multimodal transportation? Ans: Fundamental difference between TOFC and COFC: TOFC means trailer on a flatcar. Which is 8 feet wide, 8 feet high or 53 feet long and have highway wheels. COFC means container on a flatcar. This is 8 feet wide, 8 feet high or 20 or 40 feet long and do not have highway wheels. Double stacking considered a major innovation in multimodal transportation because while the TOFC concept facilitates direct transfer between rail and motor carriage. It also has several technical limitations. The placement of a trailer with highway wheels attached. Transferred to a railcar, can lead to wind resistance, damage, and weight problems. The use of constraints reduces these potential problems, as they can be double stacked and easily transferred to water carriers. However, they require special equipment for over-the-road delivery or pickup. 9. Explain the value proposition offered by freight forwarding. Provide an example that illustrates why shippers would be attached to using the services of a freight forwarder as contrasted to arranging their own transportation. Ans: Value proposition offered by freight forwarding: a) Lower rate per hundred weight obtained from large shipment b) Faster transport of small shipments than would be experienced if the individual customer dealt directly with the common carrier. Cause for shippers for which they would be attracted to using the services of a freight forwarder as contrasted to arranging their own transportation: i. Lowering transportation cost ii. More profit iii. Higher security iv. Faster transport v. Sharing responsibility 10. The five basic modes of transportation have been available for well over 50 years. Is this the way it will always be, or can you identify a sixth mode that may become economically feasible in the foreseeable future. Ans: Yes this is the way it will always be. Because we can’t identify another mode of transportation excluding all these five.

Roman Inscriptions on Tomb essays

Roman Inscriptions on Tomb essays It is an often posed idea that the messages we leave behind with our discarded and or memorialized everyday objects will be interpreted thousands of years from now, by historians and archeologists to let those that live long after us have some idea of who we were. Roman history is a compilation of fragmented written works, but is much more dependant on archeological evidence for existing information. The evidence of the Roman Empire stretches across practically all of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, and much of it is in the form of archeological ruins. Some of these ruins are significant to Roman culture in that they still sport the writing of real everyday Romans. One artifact that has recently come to the forefront as a grouping of very telling artifacts is tombstone inscriptions. From the dead Roman guys we get a lofty interpretation of idealized society, as well as many messages of rhetorical musing, all of which is valuable, but from tombstone inscriptions we get a sen se of the everyday man and woman, and what was important for their ancestors to memorialize them with. Seneca in De Providentia writes, Fate leads us on and the first hour of our birth has ordained the rest of each persons life. Cause depends on cause, the long series of things lengthens [the chain of] public and private events. Therefore we must endure everything courageously. 1 The philosophers, who have determined a great deal of the understanding we have with regard to Roman society and Roman beliefs and ideals, discuss lofty ideas about the nature of the divine, the place of providence and the manner in which all men live their lives, by providence from birth to death. While in contrast the tombstones of everyday people express how people really lived and what was important to them, almost regardless of their beliefs in the lofty ideas of those like Seneca and other philosophers. In Sheltons extensive A Sourceb...

Management Environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Environment - Research Paper Example This is meant to ensure maximization of profits and minimization of losses. Allocative efficiency comes about when firms or industries produce the kind of goods and services that the consumers desire most. A firm allocates resources in the process of production in such a way that the benefits derived from the use of the product are maximized. All the productive processes employed by firms or industries are aimed at utilization of the meager (or limited) resources available to meet the expectations of the consumers. Here, consumer is the centre of focus and everything is designed to meet his/her desires. Bearing this in mind, the firm starts battling with two issues; the marginal cost (m.c.) which is the additional or extra cost incurred by producing an extra unit and the marginal benefit (m.b.) which is the benefit derived from utilizing an additional unit produced. If the additional cost of an additional unit of production is less than the benefit derived from consuming the extra unit of production, then the firm would be advised to extend the scale of pro duction. This is because the benefits outweigh the cost and so the firm has a room to offer more utility. On the contrary if the cost incurred in producing an extra unit is more than the marginal benefit the firm would be advised to stop putting extra resources in the pr... GRAPH AC This means that the firm is utilizing factors of production at the lowest cost; the firm is also employing the best technology within its reach; the production processes employed by the firm are the best; the firm ensures maximum exploitation of the economies of scale (financial economies, technological economies, research economies, human resource economies among others) and ensures that the production process is least wasteful with regard to resource utilization. To sum up productive efficiency is attained when the cost incurred in production is at its lowest. This is given by the lowest average cost on the average cost curve, which depicts the lowest price on the average total cost curve. GRAPH (Average Total Cost) For the allocative efficiency and productive efficiency to reach a compromise other factors have to be considered. The production costs have to be viewed in the light of market power and price tags attached on the products. The level of market power determines by how much the price is higher than the marginal cost. For instance, a market supplied by one firm (monopolistic product market) is bound to experience high prices since there is only one price determinant. But this is only applicable where demand is inelastic, meaning that changes in price either will not affect demand or will have minimal effects on demand. Price D Perfectly inelastic demand D Quantity In an oligopolistic product market (where there are many firms supplying the market) a firm makes its own decisions concerning prices. But firm prices have to reflect the other prices in the market. In

How interactive multimedia affects young children Essay

How interactive multimedia affects young children - Essay Example This essay declares that interactive multimedia has huge positive impacts on the psychology of learners that shows up in the form of rapid shift in the child’s mood and inclination towards studies. What fundamentally upgrades multimedia educations as compared to traditional educational setup is that moving picture keeps the viewers interest in the subject alive for hours. They can maintain their concentration for prolonged periods of time. This paper makes a conclusion that multimedia has been successfully employed as a means of conveying education in many advanced countries of the world in the present age. Children have been able to enhance their cognitive skills with the advent of multimedia in the educational system. Children who have gained maximum benefit from the incorporation of multimedia in education are the ones suffering from Autism. Use of interactive multimedia in education enhances the computer skills of children sufficiently enough so as to progress in an information based culture of the modern world. Teachers prefer to make use of multimedia because it provides them with an opportunity to overcome the shortfalls of conventional teaching methods and allows the students to apply what all they learn from their texts. According to Gilliver, Randall, and Pok, the multimedia not only facilitates learning but also proves cost effective in that increased usage decreases the cost per use.

Invention Synopsis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Invention Synopsis - Essay Example Many alternative fuel sources like electricity, LPG, CNG etc. have been discovered and develop but the problem doesn’t seem to go away. Something needs to be done about it. During the mid and late 1970’s, Elsbett of Germany began works on a new type of fuel for automobiles, Vegetable oil. The concept of SVO (Straight Vegetable Oil) was born. It is the concept that diesel engines can also run on vegetable oil (Addison, n.d). This oil can be unused or recycled. Recycled vegetable oil must be clean, free of any water or particles. Vegetable oil serves as a substitute for diesel fuel which is the prime fuel source for heavy transport such as trucks and busses. These make up a large percentage of commercial and private transport. Converting these vehicles to run on an alternative source could save millions of dollars on oil purchases. Apart from commercial vehicles, a significant percentage of private vehicles are also diesel powered. If converted to SVO, this could further improve the situation. Furthermore, there are conversion kits and services available for gas/petrol powered cars. People, who do not own diesel powered cars, would definitely want to convert seeing the sharp drop in fuel prices. SVO fuel is cheaper than diesel and much cheaper than petrol. So, what’s the catch? Until now, the vehicles that have used vegetable oil fuel have done it privately or individually. Companies do provide conversion services and filtering and recycling of used vegetable oil on a small scale, but nothing is being done on a scale comparable to other primary fuel sources. Maybe this is the reason why it’s not getting popular. My idea is to provide this service on a bigger scale. A company that has a contract with local restaurants and food outlets to purchase this used oil at low prices, filter and recycle it and provide it to the general public. With the growing fuel prices today, a proper outlet for a cheaper fuel source would be a welcoming

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism SHREEVANI RAJ REDDY INTRODUCTION The aim of genetic research is to understand the role of genetic variation. In humans, the most common type of genetic variation involves single DNA bases, and is termed as single nucleotide polymorphism. DNA polymorphism involves one of two or more variants in a particular DNA sequence and Variation at a single base pair of DNA sequence results in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). SNPs are the most common type of genetic variation among people; each SNPs represents a difference in single nucleotide. On average they occur once in every 300 nucleotide which means there are roughly 10 million SNPs in the human genome. These variations are commonly found in the DNA between genes. SNPs accounts for much of phenotypic diversity among individuals. In the human genome the half of the known coding region SNPs lead to change in the resulting amino acid sequences and other half do not, these are called synonymous SNPs. Synonymous SNPs encode change in the DNA sequence without altering the resultant protein sequence, these silent SNPs assumed as inconsequential, however these synonymous SNPs represent genetic marker for functional molecular alterations with which they are in linkage disequilibrium. These SNPs alters the function of gene and phenotype by various mechanisms such as altering protein folding, mRNA binding or by affecting splicing of mRNA; stability and expression of mRNA. These SNPs can act as biological markers (also known as gene marker), therefore helps to locate gene that are associated with disease. Researchers found that SNPs may help to predict an individuals response to certain drugs and susceptibility to environmental factors such as toxins and risk of developing particular disease. SNPs with sufficient technological solutions can enable the mapping of disease genes involved in complex disorders. One of the examples of mapping disease associated with SNPs is Alzheimer’s disease. GENETIC VARIATION Genetic Variation is defined as, variation of genomes between groups of species as a result of genetic mutations or genetic drifts. In all living organisms, the genetic material is made up of same basic components, called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains one of four nitrogenous bases A (Adenine), G (Guanine), T (Thymine), C (Cytosine). These 4 building blocks are linked together to form long chains, the sequence of which then codes for various proteins and gene products. The DNA sequence collection and organization is specific for each species, and is called a genome. On average, two humans share 99% genetic identity, although the majority of differences in DNA sequence (genotype) do not result in noticeable physical change (phenotype), the few that account for the diversity in human population are height, eye, skin, hair color, etc. Mutation is the process of creating a new genetic variation. Mutation in a gene can arise from natural internal processes such as gene conversions, cell replications, meiotic recombination and also from number of environmental factors such as free radical damage caused by ingestion of toxins and radiations etc. FROM MUTATION TO POLYMORPHISM: In humans, every individual has two copies of genome each one copy originating from each parent. So in the genome at a given position, each individual has two copies of a particular sequence. Mutation causes a change in one DNA sequence, resulting in the individual having one copy of original sequence and second new sequence at mutation locus. If mutation occurs in somatic cells, then remains only in the individual in which mutation occurred, and if mutation occurs in germ cells (egg or sperm cells), then these genetic changes passes to offspring and thus are inheritable. This phenomenon termed as genetic drift, can act to either increase or decrease allele frequencies in the population. If mutant allele reaches to a frequency of 1% or more in population, then locus is said to be â€Å"polymorphic†. POLYMORPHISM TYPES â€Å"Polymorphism† is a Greek word meaning â€Å"having many shapes†. Therefore genetic polymorphism is easy to imagine that two strands of DNA that differ in sequence rather than shape. In human genome the most common types of polymorphism organized into the 3 classes:- Repetitive Elements:- In this type of polymorphism DNA sequences found in multiple copies throughout the genome. A classic example is ALU repeat (330 base pair in length), found in over 750,000 copies in genome. Another form of repetitive elements includes simple tandem repeat polymorphism (STRPs) or ‘microsatellites’. In this type of polymorphism, short di-, tri-, or tetra- nucleotide units are repeated consecutively at polymorphic position. Microsatellites are highly polymorphic, having up to 30 alleles and thus shows high allelic diversity and high heterozygosity Insertion and Deletion:- This type of di-allelic polymorphism is also known as indels. Presence or absence of one or more DNA bases at polymorphic position shows the difference between the allele. Substitutions:- This type of polymorphism are also most often di- allelic. Alleles of this type of polymorphism are distinguished by replacement of DNA bases, rather than presence or absence as in indels. SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM This is a type of polymorphism in which alleles of these involve only single bases (OR type of polymorphism involving variation at a single base pair). SNP alleles can form by insertion or deletion of a single base or by substitution of one base for another. In case of substitution, the SNP alleles is limited to 4; Because DNA is made up of only 4 different nucleotide bases (A, T, G, C ), thus substitution of single nucleotide are at most tetra-allelic. However tetra-allelic or tri-allelic SNPs are very frequent with majority of true documented cases being in the mitochondrial genome, for this reason SNPs are thought of as di-allelic polymorphism. SNP alleles are created by transition (purine to purine /pyrimidine to pyrimidine) or transversion (purine to pyrimidine / pyrimidine to purine) substitutions. In the human genome 70% of all SNPs involve a Cytosine (C) to Thymine (T) transition. This is due to conversion of 5- methyl cytosine to Thymidine by deamination mechanism. SNPs are copying Errors: An existing cell divides in two to make a new cells, first it copies its DNA so the new cell each will have a complete set of genetic instructions. Sometimes cells make mistakes during the coping process, this leads to changes in the DNA sequence at a particular location, called SNPs. Chromosomal distribution of SNPs: Although some 3 million SNPs already in databases, this is only a fraction of 11 million SNPs thought to be present in the human genome. By comparing any two randomly chosen chromosomes, number of studies pointed that one SNP occurs in 1-2 kb of sequence in a genome. However SNPs are not distributed evenly down the length of any chromosome. The human chromosome contains large stretches of non-coding sequences with patches of coding sequences. Roughly the genetic variation is 4 times less in coding sequence than in non-coding sequences. Alteration in the certain sequences such as Exons, promoters, and enhancer sequence could adversely affect biological normal functions; therefore natural selection pressure would act to preserve certain sequences. However, there are few exceptions where coding sequence shows a high degree of polymorphism. For example, there is high sequence variability in and around the HLA genes, which encode for the important components of immune system. Many SNPs that occur in the exons, are in the wobble position of the reading frame, and thus not alters the protein sequence. This type of changes are thought to have no effect or little effect on the gene product and called as synonymous or silent substitutions. On the other hand non- synonymous variants, cause substitution of one amino acid for another at protein level. The consequence of this type substitution on protein function varies from no effect to total disruption of protein. The changes in most severe single base in the exon regions can produce shifts in open reading frame, or creation of stop codon, either which can cause copy of nonfunctional gene product. These types of non-synonymous variations if reach to a high frequency, then considered as polymorphism. Two additional regions of chromosome are Telomere (end region of chromosome, plays important role in aging) and Centromere (central region of chromosome, which plays a key role in cell division) known to be highly po lymorphic. DETECTION TECHNIQUE FOR SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM SNPs are the positions in the genome where some individuals have one nucleotide and others have a different nucleotide. There are vast numbers of SNPs in every genome, some of which also gives rise to RFLPs, but many of which do not because the sequence in which they lie is not recognized by any restriction enzyme. In human genome there are at least 1.42 million SNPs, only 100000 of which results in an RFLP. Although each SNP could, potentially, have four alleles (because there are 4 nucleotides), most exist in just two forms, so these markers suffer from the same drawback as RFLPs with regard to human genetic mapping: there is a high possibility that a SNP does not display any variability in the family that is being studied. The advantages of SNPs are their abundant numbers and the fact that they can be typed by methods that do not involve gel electrophoresis. This is important because gel electrophoresis has proved difficult to automate, so any detection method that uses it will be relatively slow and labor-intensive. SNP detection is more rapid because it is based on oligonucleotide hybridization analysis. An oligonucleotide is a short single stranded DNA molecule, usually less than 50 nucleotides in length, that is synthesized in the test tube. These synthetic probes are also known as allele specific oligonucleotide (ASO). ASO can identify alleles that differ by single nucleotide. ASOs detect changes of all types of single nucleotide, including those that do not affect the restriction enzyme cutting sites. If the conditions are just right, then an oligonucleotide (ASO) will hybridize with another DNA molecule (with its complementary sequence not with other sequences) only if the oligonucleotide forms a completely base-paired structure with the second molecule. If there is a single mismatch – a single position within the oligonucleotide that dose not form a base pair, then hybridization does not occur. Oligonucleotide hybridization can therefore discriminate between the two alleles of an SNP. Various screening have strategies have been devised including DNA chip technology and solution hybridization techniques. SNPs as a genetic marker A SNP is a type of gene marker (DNA marker) with a single base pair alteration at a particular site in some individuals, that site is SNP locus. These DNA markers are detected by molecular analysis of DNA and can be used in genetic analysis. SNP loci found abundant in the human genome, on average about once in 1000 bp. The presence of abundance of SNP loci allowed researchers to develop detailed maps of location of SNPs on chromosome. ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE This is a complex degenerative brain disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory impairment. This disorder annually, afflicting about 2.5 millions Americans. It is the 4th leading cause of death among elderly Americans. In 1900 the German neurologist ALIOS ALZHEIMER, found this disease accompanied by organic loss of intellectual function (dementia) as well as memory loss and general incapacitation. Sufferers often cannot speak, walk or tent to do their most basic needs. In 1987, researchers at several institutions identified a specific gene inducing the brain tissue abnormality, which characterizes the malady. And then simultaneously another research team announced that it was using a DNA probe to locate a genetic marker for the disease on human chromosome 21. But these findings do not suggest that all cases of this disease are genetically linked, they indicate that at least one form of this disease (i.e. familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD)) may be inheritable. The gene responsible for FAD abnormality appears for manufacturing a protein called amyloid. Amyloid is a major component of clumps of dead and dying nerve fibers that clog the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. In some individuals this form of dementia acquire before the age of 65 ( refer to as early onset or FAD )but most often occurs late in life.

evilmac Protagonist Becoming Evil in Shakespeares Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

Macbeth: Protagonist Becoming Evil The story Macbeth is like no other in plot and poetry. It sets itself apart from the rest by having a protagonist becoming evil. What makes Macbeth such a complicated character is the way his outlook keeps on changing throughout the play. This essay will prove that Macbeth is an evil man and was not overpowered by ambition to get what he wanted. This essay will also determine that certain characters like the witches did not force him to do evil; they simply triggered it. In the beginning of the play, Macbeth is shown as a hero in the Scottish army, that is ironic because Macbeth has defeated a traitor and he will become one. We feel that a person of his loyalty could never commit evil unless he had a good reason or if he would be provoked. After Macbeth's first meeting with the witches, we learn from his aside that he has thought about killing Duncan " My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical" 1(Macbeth 1.3.152). Macbeth also says " If chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me Without my stir." 2(Macbeth 1.4.157-159) which means that maybe he does not have to murder the king to gain that title. Luck has been very generous to him and might continue and make him king. Macbeth's true evil thoughts about being king are first shown when he finds out that king Duncan has named his son Malcolm as Prince of Cumberland. He now shows his evil and his true feelings. " Stars, hide your fires; Let not night see my black and deep desires. The eye wink at the hand; yet let that be Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see." 3 (Macbeth 1.4.57-60) Macbeth is actually seeking help from the dark and supernatural. Macbeth is saying that he does not want to see the evil that he will commit until it is done. It is now known that Macbeth is capable of evil and would commit it. Upon meeting Lady Macbeth, we can assume that any evil done by Macbeth would be contributed by her influence. Lady Macbeth is a very powerful women and she has a-lot of power over Macbeth's decisions. After Lady Macbeth reads the letter from Macbeth, she says that he is in fact too noble to kill Duncan in cold blood but he would like to. " It is too full o'th'milk of human kindness To catch the nearest way. Thou wouldst be great, Art not

Interview with Manager

Table of content 1Introduction:2 1. 1Objectives:3 2Manager of Marketing and Customer Service in the partnership Uzdrowisko Iwonicz S. A. :3 2. 1Ideal model of manager:4 2. 2Key responsibilities of Marketing and Consumer Service Manager:5 2. 3Typical working day:5 3Marketing and Customer Service organization structure:6 4Key factors affecting good team work:7 5Conclusion:7 6Bibliography:8 Balon Sandra [email  protected] ac. uk Assignment Brief: ‘Interview with a Manager’ Introduction to Management MM11020 Introduction:According to the definition, manager is a person responsible for controlling or administering an organization or group of staff. He controls the professional and business activities, supervises and monitors people who directly report to him. (No data, Oxford’s on-line dictionary). There are many different types of management jobs. Even for jobs with similar titles, the duties may change significantly from one company to another. Depending on the siz e and kind of company, as well as typical work activities may alter.Average tasks and responsibilities involve dealing with staffing issues such as interviewing potential staff, as well as providing or organising training and development. Manager is responsible for maintaining staff by recruiting, selecting, and training employees. Also, maintaining a safe, secure, and legal work environment; developing personal growth opportunities, creating friendly atmosphere to makes the company comfortable for their team members. I interviewed Krzysztof Guzik, Manager of Marketing and Customer Service. The company which I have choosen is Polish Uzdrowisko Iwonicz S.A.. In accordance with their official website it is first and one of the most popular SPA company in Poland. Iwonicz-Zdroj is the largest and oldest resort in Podkarpacie region, which attract attention patients from all over Europe. Medicinal qualities of mineral water occurring there, described Wojciech Oczko in 1578. He was a cour t physician of Polish King Stefan Batory. After that people started to pay attention to the perfect spa atmosphere in Iwonicz- Zdroj. In the seventeenth century the spa facility enjoyed great popularity in the country and beyond (2011, http://www. zdrowisko-iwonicz. com. pl/). Objectives: The primary mission of the partnership Uzdrowisko Iwonicz S. A. with headquarters in Iwonicz- Zdroj is a complex spa services, with treatment conducted on the basis of local raw materials and medicinal qualities of the environment. Company is dealing with the production of the spa natural medicinal resources for customers, spas, and other treatment facilities in the country and abroad. Uzdrowisko Iwonicz is responsible for production unique ecological cosmetics and medicines based on natural raw materials used in the spa treatment.Krzysztof Guzik maintain that beginning of firm goes back to the 1867s, when the method of obtaining iodine and bromine salt were developed and implemented. Iodine and br omine salt from Iwonicz is a recognized and certified medicine in rheumatic as well as neurological and orthopaedic diseases. It is used in the medicinal baths and wraps. Product Is also used for inhalation in the treatment of air- passages illness. The second traditional medical preparation is a peloid cube, produced under the supervision of the pharmaceutical industry.This is specially prepared and can be easy use to wraps at home which makes this product really desirable. Iwoniczanka is a name of brand for products made by Uzdrowisko Iwonicz S. A.. Mark combines over 430 years-experience of using spas natural medicinal materials from Iwonicz- Zdroj and the latest achievements of cosmetology. This makes Iwoniczanka and Uzdrowisko Iwonicz S. A. really desirable brand as well as company. The partnership includes: Spa hospital ‘Excelsior’, Sanatorium ‘Pod Jodla’, Sanatorium ‘Stare Lazienki’, Sanatorium ‘Bialy Orzel’, Sanatorium â₠¬ËœUstronie’, Spa Sanatorium ‘Number IV’, Spa TreatmentCentre, ‘Stary Palac’, Pump Room and also production of ecological cosmetics. All products are available in cosmetics shops all over the Poland and also on their website via the on-line store. The main objective for the company to makes it more recognizable. Manager of Marketing and Customer Service in the partnership Uzdrowisko Iwonicz S. A. : In according to Krzysztof Guzik the company employs 246 people, whereas 10,2% constitute a managerial positions. Mr Guzik is the manager of Marketing and Customer Service in Uzdrowisko Iwonicz S. A. since 2001.His previous experience include being the head of the Tourist Information Centre in a Regional Development Agency Karpaty S. A. Krosno. He graduated from the Academy of Physical Education in Krakow with a degree in tourism. As a head of department in Uzdrowisko Iwonicz S. A. he manages a team of 50 people. During his career, he went through numerous courses and trainings. Previous work experience as well as current vacancy helped him to develop his professional skills and deal with complicated tasks and controlling the team the most effectively as is possible.Asked about his biggest weakness described the perfectionism. Krzysztof explains that he is up to his ears in work. ‘For all the time I am staying in work longer than it is necessary. Before I get out of work I have to check again what I managed to do that day, and plan the next – includes the major, most important tasks to do. To be honest I do not like when I have just one job to do. I like to work on many fronts at once – then I become the most efficient in my own work. I really like my job. Sometimes I am too involved in the life of the company and the implementation of the tasks of my business. This aspect excellently testify about his professionalism as well as work engagement and commitment. What is more, he emphasis that good relationship with p eople- both with customers and business partners and communication skills represents his major strengths. Ideal model of manager: It is not easy to describe ideal manager. As I mentioned previously depending on the size of company and position the duties may change significantly. What is possible to outline some distinguished characteristics of perfect manager. A good manager should have a good skills in communicating with people.Really worth in this kind of job is good relationships – both with colleagues, partners and customers as well. He has to be very open minded and approachable. He should persuade workers that they can count on him whenever they need. The ability to resolve conflicts and deal with difficult problems should be consider as an important aspect. What is worth, employees may find him helpful and supportive. Manager has to behave objective, be fair and honest around subordinates. What more, good manager should be comprehensively oriented in entire managed re alm. Manager of Marketing need to have a good knowledge of the customers.He should consider how to best create value, satisfaction and achieve loyalty for its. Important is to develop long-term relationships with potential customers. Marketing manager should be able to know how to satisfy its customers. Moreover, he should be open minded for new ideas. He is responsible for affairs such as promotion, advertising services and spa products. That is way he should distinguish as a creative, responsible and confidence. The next and one of the most important role of a marketing manager is to carry out marketing research and analysis.The marketing manager should do a thorough marketing research and analysis. It might help in order to possess a detailed understanding of their own business and the entire market. Key responsibilities of Marketing and Consumer Service Manager: As a manager of Marketing and Consumer Service Krzysztof is mainly responsible for marketing, advertising, promotion, designing ads for a variety of publications, directories, newspapers, etc. , cooperation with travel agencies, search and acquisition of commercial customers.The major task also includes to manage affairs in the following areas: collaboration with partners – preparing contracts and agreements for the provision and sale of the spa and supervision of their implementation as well as sales and settlement services. He is also liable for maintain cordial relationships with the stake holders and shareholders of the company and develop long- term relationship with potential customer. As manager he is expected to act as a role model for Uzdrowisko Iwonicz S. A. values, to support the development of the required company’s performance standards.He is responsible for the organization and quality of work of subordinate in his department. Good communication skills he has plays crucial role in his job. As a head of division he has the ability to hire, promote and fire employees withi n his department. Also, observance of labour discipline and estimation of subordinate employees. Subsequent responsibility involve cooperate with the Company's organizational units to conduct and develop sales of spa treatment. This is very wide range of actions on which there has to be supervision. Managing and work organization of the 50-people team is not an easy task.He must be focuses on every aspect regarding the team which require sincere work engagement and commitment. Manager is also responsible for the atmosphere in manage department as well as whole company, which gives a huge opportunities to achieve planned objectives. Comfortable atmosphere may spawn staff works more efficiently. Krzysztof Guzik mentioned in interview that they employees identify themselves with the company. They know what is the meaning of the term company’s mission. Also, what is required to achieve a goal. The atmosphere in the company is friendly which encourage to execute planned targets. T ypical working day:It is really hard to describe just one working day. Every day is different from the other and there is always plenty stuff to work out. For the most part Krzysztof Guzik is working from 7. 00 am to 3. 00 pm every day from Monday to Friday. Due to his manager’s position- time which he has to sacrificed for work is much longer. Sometimes he has to work during weekends. Usually his tasks includes a lot of correspondence to answer, receive a number of telephone call from customers, partners and implementation of the tasks set for the day. He explains that most of the tasks is trying to set the day before to help employees to deal with them.Unfortunately sometimes it is impossible, we cannot planned everything and more urgent matters to do comes out during the day. Krzysztof spend a lot of time for the analysis, planning, assessment of the current situation. He has to be in constancy contact with the other directors of the company to find the best way to exploit the potential of the company. Also, to discuss the business strategy to achieve the goal. Despite the fact that he is busy manager he always find a time to meet with staff for example to discuss the project, to separate duties if it is necessary, solve problems, etc.He is also responsible for meetings with customers, partners, guests of the spa. Like he said: ‘Every day brings new challenges and tasks with whom I have to deal with. ’ Marketing and Customer Service organization structure: The whole Marketing and Customer Service department carries a focus over many different functions. Therefore, the structure of an company must be good considered and arranged properly on each organisation’s level. The Marketing and Customer manager is the head of the department and supervises seven departments as is shown on the chart number 1.The Marketing and Customer Service manager is accountable to the four higher level of company’s organization structure such as Ann ual General Meeting, Supervisory Board, Management and Chairman of the Board. Company's organizational chart: Department of renovation and investment Materials Management and Administration Department Chief Accountant Accounting Department Budgeting and Financial Analysis Department Head of Finance Technical Magazine Department of protection of sources and sales Main specialist for the sources protection and production Marketing DepartmentInstitution of the SPA production SPA Institution Director of Sales and Marketing Customer Service Office Administrative Department of SPA Director of the Private Team ZOZ Rehabilation Clinic Wellness Department Institute of Natural Medicine Pump Room Sanatorium Medical Department Spa hospital „Excelsior† Department for Infections Quality Control Department Secret Office Plenipotentiary for Classified Information Department of human resources, organization and management Chief Specialist for the Management of Health and SafetyIT Departm ent Chairman of the Board Annual General Meeting Supervisory Board * Management Plenipotentiary for quality management Department of renovation and investment Materials Management and Administration Department Chief Accountant Accounting Department Budgeting and Financial Analysis Department Head of Finance Technical Magazine Department of protection of sources and sales Main specialist for the sources protection and production Marketing Department Institution of the SPA production SPA Institution Director of Sales and MarketingCustomer Service Office Administrative Department of SPA Director of the Private Team ZOZ Rehabilation Clinic Wellness Department Institute of Natural Medicine Pump Room Sanatorium Medical Department Spa hospital „Excelsior† Department for Infections Quality Control Department Secret Office Plenipotentiary for Classified Information Department of human resources, organization and management Chief Specialist for the Management of Health and Safety IT Department Chairman of the Board Annual General Meeting Supervisory Board * ManagementPlenipotentiary for quality management * * Key factors affecting good team work: A team works well when the members understand what they will be compensated for their efforts. A team is driven by a common goal. There begins the role of the manager, which is very important, valued and should be appreciated. There is a lot of different approaches concerns ideas of being good manager. One of the ways is to impose a good impact on a team and to increase their effectiveness. Manager should hold regular meetings to keep a team updated on important information and to offer training.The development of an effective team requires a positive manager’s attitude due to persuasion that every team needs coordinator. Thanks to good management, the team members elicit the possibility to gain new skills which may be helpful in the future. Due to his encouragement he may allow people to self-development and gives them opportunities for being promoted to higher positions. Conclusion: Currently, partnership such as Uzdrowisko Iwonicz S. A. is becoming more recognizable company and brand on Polish domestic market place as well as on European. Managing and work organization of this team members is not an easy task.Manager has to be in persisting contact with the other directors of the company to find the best way to exploit the full potential of the firm. Manager have to be focuses on every realm regarding the team, the work they do, the process of manufacturing, approval process of many tasks and a lot of different aspects. His point of view plays crucial role in company’s making decisions process. There is wide range of actions on which he supervises. Dealing with the documents within the department, regarding the team and the work they do is very complicated and require personal skills which may help to coordinate the team work.Good manager must keep up to date every issues with in the company and has to find the best practice to solve struggled problems. Basically, manager does not have to be an expert in every kind of realm. Sole criterion which is required to being a master within his position. There is plenty of approaches which describe model of ideal manager. The most significant characteristic mainly involve efficient decision making, creativeness, responsibility, self- confidence as well as good communication skills.Conclusively, the manager is an important and valuable person occupying higher level of company’s position. He is responsible for making decisions Bibliography: Oxford University Press. (no data). Oxford  dictionary. [on-line]  Available at: http://oxforddictionaries. com/definition/english/manager. Last accessed 17th January 2013. Uzdrowisko Iwonicz S. A. (2011). Uzdrowisko Iwonicz S. A.. [on-line] Available at: http://www. uzdrowisko-iwonicz. com. pl/. Last accessed 17th January 2013.

A Public Presentation Observation-Experience IISP A Choice Essays

A Public Presentation Observation-Experience IISP A Choice Essays A Public Presentation Observation-Experience IISP A Choice One of the best ways Students will engage in communication interactions with significant people in their lives. One of the best ways to learn public speaking other than actually doing it is to observe other speakers in action and analyze what factors contributed to the strengths or weaknesses of their presentations. For this assignment you will observe a public presentation of your choice, identify the strengths and weaknesses, and make recommendations for improvement. Communication observation of conversation, small group, public speakingIISP. This communication observation will include a written outline-report of it just follow the instructions given to critique this event. Start by going to the ToastMasters website to find locations and times of meeting: (toastmasters.org/find/default.asp). For this Toastmasters experience. 1. Write a 2-4 page outline-report of your experience. Be sure to include information on delivery style and your view as a listening audience member: a. What did the speaker(s) do to gain and maintain audience attention? b. What could have been improved upon? 2. Consider the meeting in terms of IISP communication. Address any of the following that you judge appropriate to include: 1. What formal and informal communication structures were in place? 2. What examples did you notice of the two models of IDTC and OPTRC? 3. What principles and skills learned in class could you identify and relate with? 4. What team dynamics were present? Was a strong leadership present (think fire)? 5. What specific roles did you notice, whether assigned or unassigned? 6. Did you note a specific network of communication? Be specific. 7. What role did professionalism play within the group/specific meeting you attended? 8. Were you welcomed? Were you made to feel comfortable? Did you fit? 9. Do you feel you would be comfortable or a fit as a member of this group? Why/why not? 3. You may find the categories in the Speaking Checklist-Evaluation form useful for this assignment to help guide your critical analysis and personal evaluation. Be alert to what you might observe and identify as strengths and weaknesses. What recommendations for improvement would you make? What did you think of the experience? Were you made to feel comfortable? Would you return? Consider joining? Why/why not? As a Team: One outline - PPT: If you choose to do this assignment as a team, you will present one outline-report-paper for the team that will serve as the basis for a 7-10 minute PPT presentation on your visit to ToastMasters. Both will have an introduction, development with transitions, and a conclusion. For example, your first PPT slide could be the introduction and the last slide could be your conclusion with the report-support in between. A Public IISP Presentation Observation of your choice with a written evaluation of it following the instructions to be given to critique this event. What you will be alert to is 1.Intrapersonal Communication within yourselves and others (see wheels turning) 2.Interpersonal Communication one on one with others present, work the room dynamics 3.Small Group Communication informal, around tables 4.Public Speaking Communication formal speeches, short and featured Note: You will engage in communication interactions with significant people now and for the rest of your lives. Since one of the best ways to learn communication skills whether in conversation, small groups, or public speaking other than actually doing it is to observe other speaker-communicators in action and analyze what factors contributed to the strengths or weaknesses of their interactions and presentations, we present to you just such an opportunity. You will: 1. Observe by attending, 2. Experience by participating, and 3. Evaluate by identifying strengths and weaknesses and making recommendations for improvement. The Toastmasters club is an organization known throughout the nation which gives its members the chance to develop and improve their public speaking abilities and leadership skills. Toastmasters members gather in a friendly and comfortable environment where they can learn and practice these skills to try and become better communicators (Toastmasters International, 2011). To get a flavor of how the meeting may go, some positions you will observe in a typical meeting: Toastmaster the facilitator who makes sure the meeting stay on time and follows the agenda. Ah-Counter who counts the filler words such as; Ah, Um, Ya know, etc. Grammarian contributes to improvement of speech and provides examples of eloquence. Timer notifies speaker of the time

Henderson Surname Meaning and Origin

Henderson Surname Meaning and Origin Henderson is a popular patronymic name meaning son of Henry. The given name Henry means home ruler or ruler of the home, derived from the Germanic name  Heimirich which is composed of the elements heim, meaning  home and ric, meaning power, ruler. Surname Origin: English, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings:  HENDERSEN, HENSON, HENRYSON, HENRYSOUN, HENNDERSON, HENHYSON Where in the World is the HENDERSON Surname Found? According to  WorldNames public profiler, the largest number of individuals with the Henderson surname live in Scotland, especially the Highlands region. It is also a very popular surname in New Zealand and Australia. Surname distribution statistics at Forebears has the Henderson surname appearing with the greatest population density in Dominica, followed by Scotland. In 1881 Scotland the greatest percentage of Hendersons lived in Caithness, Shetland, and  Kinross-shire. Famous People with the Surname HENDERSON Fletcher Henderson - Big band jazz pianist and songwriterFlorence Henderson - American actress best known for her role as Carol Brady in The Brady Bunch television sitcomRickey Henderson - American baseball playerThomas Henderson -  Royal astronomer of the Cape of Good Hope, South AfricaArthur Henderson -  Organizer of the British Labour PartyArchibald Henderson -  Fifth Commandant of the U.S. Marine CorpsJohn Brooks Henderson - Author of the thirteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution, abolishing slavery Genealogy Resources for the Surname HENDERSON Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 250 common last names from the 2000 census? Clan Henderson SocietyAmong the goals of the Clan Henderson Society are fostering Scottish culture, activities, festivals, and games; assisting with Henderson genealogical research, and promoting the history and culture of the Henderson clan and Scotland. Henderson DNA ProjectFormed under the auspices of the Clan Henderson Societies of the United States and Canada, this Henderson surname DNA project supports efforts to document individual Henderson families and trace the migration of the Hendersons over time.   Henderson Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Henderson surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or ask your own question about your Henderson ancestors. FamilySearch - HENDERSON GenealogyDiscover historical records and lineage-linked family trees for the Henderson surname and its variations on this free genealogy site sponsored by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. HENDERSON Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Henderson surname. DistantCousin.com - HENDERSON Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Henderson. The Henderson Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Henderson surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name Meanings Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

American popular music today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American popular music today - Essay Example Previously music was all about vocal capability. However, currently things are different. Artists do not flourish because of their talents but because of the aid that they get from machines. One of such technology is the use of â€Å"Auto Tune† which can make someone who is barely vocally talented to seem like they have got talent (Campbell, 2013). At the end of the day the use of technology has out shadowed the use of creativity which was previously the pillar in the music. Another notable drawback is the fact that in the modern music industry brand loyalty has been taken to higher levels. This has gotten to the level that people do seem to be drawn towards listening to some songs because the song has been done by a certain artist. Looking at the current music industry someone can easily notice that there is a style of popular music that is more dominant when compared to the other. The most dominant style of popular music would be pop rock. One of the main reasons as to why it is dominant is that fact that it is currently being excessively produced. Another reason as to why pop rock can be said to be the most dominant is that it is one of the most listened to genres with its audience coming from varying age groups (Cooper & Haney, 2014). It is also a music genre that you will find people from both genders and races listening to. This is unlike other gender such as rap music and blues. Rap music will be less attractive to white people while blues will be less attractive to the male. This universality of the audience enables the genre to enjoy a greater magnitude of audience. There are a number of popular music performers or bands that you think will have artistic longevity. One of such artists is Michael Jackson. Throughout his career the most notable thing about his songs is that fact that they were of high quality. He is among some of the few artists whose songs are listened to by the current generation and are

Personal statement to apply Msc of Statistics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

To apply Msc of Statistics - Personal Statement Example I also have huge admiration for the Canadian culture and staying studying there would enable me explore and appreciate it more. The university also stands on a high mound in professional training and research indulgence. This university has a reputable image and I would be quite humbled to associate with the super-standard institution. My high competence, exemplary academic qualifications and extensive experience in Finance and Statistics make me a better candidate for this admission. As indicated on my attached documents, I have unswervingly pursued my studies in Finance and Statistics with great determination and enthusiasm. I expect to graduate with an overall GPA of 3.4; an indication of my potential in exploiting deeper levels in this discipline. Masters in Statistics will meet both my long-time and short-time goals and lighten my business career. I have enormous experience in the business field as I have worked as an accountant assistant and studied other business related