Is Enough Being Done To Prevent Racism in Football?

Racism; hatred or intolerance of another race or other races is unfortunately a very frequent occurrence around the world. Starting very early on, the belief that someone’s race is superior and has the right to rule others still takes place even to this day. Football, is a sport which should bring countries and races together to compete against each other. But this is not the case, the degree of Racism in football is simply unacceptable. From League 2 in England, to the FIFA World Cup it takes place on the pitch, in the stands and even on the internet.Many various organisations have attempted to prevent Racism in Football, including; Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) & Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). But are they doing enough? The most recent incident was on the 24th July 2013 where AC Milan left back Kevin Constant kicked the ball into the crowd and left the pitch after racist abuse was being chanted from the stands of the Sassuolo suppo rters while he was preparing to take a throw in. Constant's actions emulate those of Boateng’s where a similar scene occurred however the whole team walked off the pitch instead of the one player.While Boateng had plenty of support, it seemed that AC were much less supportive of Constant's decision to exit the pitch. The club said in a statement: â€Å"This was not a decision he should have taken upon himself to make. † After the situation had been reviewed by the FIGC (Italian Football Federation) Sassoulo were fined 30,000 euros for their fans actions, I fully support the decision to punish the club but aren’t others to blame for Constant’s decision to leave the pitch? Is this really going to stop the Racist remarks? The answer is absolutely not.FIGC’s solution did not directly affect the fans and therefore these scenes will undoubtedly keep occurring. Situations like this should be dealt with in the equitable way to abrogate Racism in football a nd not just result in a careless fine. However this isn’t the worst part of the story. Constant was fined with 3,000 euros for is actions. This is an absolutely appalling decision, and could perhaps encourage supporters to carry on with racist remarks towards the players. Kevin Constant had every right to exit the pitch in the manor he did.On the other hand, FIFA -along with its employees and the football community- have showed that they’re currently unquestionably attempting to stop Racism in football and inside civilisation in general. FIFA has begun and presented events such as the FIFA Conference on Racism in Football, UN Anti-Racism Conference, and established its very first Anti-Discrimination Day on 7 July 2002. But this isn’t enough, FIFA have thought of many methods, but haven’t executed enough hands on tasks to cause any great effect. For example, the FIFA Disciplinary code was taken into place a few years ago.The code shows what happens if the FIFA Statues -basic laws for world football- are violated. It applies to everyone involved in the football match being played but is everyone being caught out? Not everyone can be dealt with at one time, especially when multiple people join in Racist chants. Therefore I don’t see the Disciplinary Code as being an effective method to eliminate Racism from Football. UEFA work very closely with FARE (Football Against Racism In Europe) and give them a lot of aid in promotion, finance etc.I personally feel that have a much more effective method of preventing Racism. I feel this way because annually at 40 UEFA club competition matches, players are accompanied onto the field by children wearing Unite Against Racism T-shirts, while team captains wear matching armbands. I support this form of preventing racism because fans respect their club’s players and if they see the players supporting the fight against racism then they might think twice about shouting abuse at a player wit h a different colour of skin. This method is also incredibly cheap and extremely effective.Considering the millions of pounds some of these respected organisations will have, purchasing t-shirts and armbands should not affect them financially in any way. There are multiple Racist incidents in Football and Kevin Constant’s wasn’t the worst. Standard Liege player Onyewu, stated that Anderlecht’s Jelle Van Damme called him a â€Å"dirty ape† under his breath during the first leg of a play off match. Onyewu alerted the white referee but no action was taken and he was ignored. Although this isn’t the worst of what happened on that match day.When Onyewu arrived at the stadium he was punched and shouted at by the opposition fans. These fans were unpunished and allowed to enter the stadium with nothing said. This is just one of many racist incidents in football which haven’t been dealt with correctly, the referee blatantly showed he was simply unint erested in Onyewu’s complaint. I believe that the referee should receive a long match ban and fine for his actions as he should have been one of the first to report the incident. As for the fans who physically attacked Onyewu, they deserved a permanent ban from going to any future matches.I personally feel that FIFA, FIGC, UEFA and all other major Football related organisations should work together to fight racism and not just focus on their own ways of preventing it. Every match should be promoting the act against racism, tickets, programmes and all forms of merchandise should have ‘Say No To Racism printed on them. Furthermore the punishments for violating the FIFA Disciplinary code should be stricter, fans should have a very long –or possibly life- ban from going to matches if caught and players, managers, match officials should be treated in the same manor along with a minimum fine of 40,000 pounds.

The Comeback of Caterpillar – What are the dynamics of competition in the heavy construction equipment industry?

When the US construction industry grinded into an economic downturn, demand for Caterpillar products decreased. The major decrease in the US industry is the result of the completion of the interstates, giant dams, and other construction buildings. Hydraulic excavators are very big market. They accounted for 45 percent of the sales. They are the fast selling equipment that can create competition between the companies. Developing Nations played an important role in the competition, because the need for construction equipments increased to shape the new dams and especially to make roads. The growth rates of developing nations were faster than the global demand so developing nations becomes the new market areas for competition. One of the biggest competitions takes place in the replacement parts sector. It is an essential part of the industry. Replacement parts made up together over a quarter of the total revenues of the total construction equipment industry. Also the sales of replacement parts are more profitable than the whole machines. Construction Companies competed to provide the best parts for the best needs. It is vital for companies to achieve an economies of scale to survive in the competition. To achieve economics of scale, companies try to capture a large market share in order to eliminate the low volume of global sales. Distribution and service network is the essential part of the industry because the inability to operate the equipment is very expensive. To gain competitive advantage by selling parts, companies used a worldwide network of dealerships to sell their machines and provide support. Intense competition among the companies drove them to form alliances to share risks, to access new markets, use technology and share production. Oil prices are very important because decline in oil prices can depressed the market and could affect the competition directly. Currency Fluctuations affects the industry as a whole. Rise in the value of dollar makes other countries buying power decrease, which results as an import to the country The imports will be much cheaper than the domestic products, therefore industry will shift to import from other countries. Strong currency is the prime factor for companies such as Caterpillar to have trouble while competing for developing countries. Cyclical Nature of the construction equipment could make an industry wide downturn for both domestic and international markets. 2. What were the sources of Caterpillar's spectacular success up to the early 1980s? The major reason of the spectacular success of Caterpillar up to the early 1980's was the post-war years. Those were the times to reconstruct the countries that were destroyed in the wars. As a result Caterpillar products exploded during those times to rebuild Europe, build the US interstate highway system, erect the giant dams of the third world, and layout the major airports. Also Caterpillar Company followed some strategies during those times to differentiate itself from its competitors by producing reliable, high quality products and providing a fast delivery of replacement parts. As a result Caterpillar became the leader of the heavy construction equipment industry. On the other and Caterpillar's distribution and relationship with their dealers contributed to the company's world wide success. The vision of Caterpillar for their deal network was very unique. Those dealers were self sustaining businesses who invest their own capital. They generally earn 100 percent of their revenues by selling and supporting Cat equipment. By doing those Caterpillar dealers remained in the hands of the same family and helped the company to make huge success. 3. What were the strategies introduced by Schaefer, Fites, and Barton to reduce the impact of cyclical downturns on Caterpillar's results? George Schaefer * Global Outsourcing; Caterpillar sought to purchase parts and components from low cost suppliers, who maintained high quality standards. Under their new policy â€Å"shopping around the world,† they moved to outsource 80 percent of its parts and components. * With the help of its branding program Caterpillar sold outsourced machines under its own name. Branding program helped the company to keep production costs down while taking a superior marketing organization advantage. * As the demand for heavy equipment decreased Caterpillar needed to reevaluate its product mix and create a broader product line. Caterpillar started to sale light construction equipment. â€Å"Between 1984 and 1987, accordingly, Caterpillar doubled its product line from 150 to 300 models of equipment introducing many small machines that ranged from farm tractors to backhoe loaders.† They also started to market light weight vehicles to small scale owner operations and new contractors. * Schaefer promoted open communication strategy, which resulted the free flow of ideas between officers, managers, and production workers. * Also Schaefer launched the Employee Satisfaction Process (ESP), which helped the company to organize in work teams, met weekly with management and offered suggestions that helped to solve many critical aspects of the manufacturing process. The program resulted in productivity gains, quality improvements, and increased employee satisfaction. * Schaefer also launched a plant modernization program with just in time inventory method. This led the company to have computerized tools, and flexible manufacturing systems. They also changed the traditional manufacturing process system called â€Å"batch†. Unlike in batch systems assembly lines provided complete model production and helped the company to achieve high level of work in progress. * Correcting the assembly mistakes Caterpillar reconfigured the layout of its manufacturing system into flexible work cells. Workers used computerized machine tools to perform several manufacturing steps. * As general Schaefer reemerged the company as a lean, technological, flexible, and competitive global company. He increased the company shares up to 7 percent, while increased the revenues by 66 percent, Donald Fites * Fites turned the company into a utilizing integrated approach based, Japanese style company. He also wanted to bring Caterpillar's labor relations to the Japanese model, because Japanese unions are company based organizations. * He also looked deeply into the customer needs, because global pricing decisions center didn't have a broad knowledge about the local market conditions around the world. He delegated district offices authority to set prices which helped him to push responsibility down the chain of command to the lowest possible level. * He applied the same principle to Caterpillar's entire structure, developing a company wide reorganization plan under Schaefer's direction. Caterpillar's old organization structure was only suitable in US, but as the company expanded globally the limitations of such structure become apparent. * Fites broke the company into 17 semi-autonomous divisions in order to operate necessarily and to gain the company flexibility. He then required each division to have 15 percent rate of return, on the other hand he threatened to penalize any division that fell behind. This helped the company to increase their profits and give them maximum flexibility. * In addition to all those, Fites developed a new plan, which based all of its incentive compensation schemes on return on assets. As traditionally Caterpillar managers were paid in proportion to the size of the budget they controlled, or the number of employees they supervised. Also all funding, and R&D activities that controlled by each division helped the company to be more customer driven than at any other period in past. * New organization plan affected the company's distribution network as well. With the help of new divisions, dealers seeking help could contact them easily. The importance of this structure was the interaction between Caterpillar's managers and dealers increased. It also enabled the company and dealers to have closer relationships to each other. According to Fites Caterpillar's distribution system was the company's single greatest advantage over it's competitors. * Another strategy for Caterpillar was to protect its dealers against failure. Caterpillar assisted individual dealers who were subject to intense price competition. To help those dealers Caterpillar reduced prices even sometimes reduced the dealer's costs, and sometimes they launched a promotion campaign. All those helped the company to sell more vehicles and create sustainability when other dealers went out of business during the recession. * Not only they helped their dealers but also they introduced â€Å"Partners in Quality† program to have quality discussions, which links personnel at Caterpillar plants and dealerships. This helped the company to have strong personal business ties with the dealers. * Fites invested to upgrade the Caterpillar's worldwide computer network. It helped Caterpillar to link together all factories, suppliers, sealers, distribution channels and customers. With the help of this system Caterpillar guaranteed 48 hours delivery of parts anywhere in the world. Caterpillar provided the most comprehensive and fastest part delivery system in the industry. Also electronic alert system developed under Fites. This system designed to monitor machines remotely identify parts, which needed to be replaced, and replace them before they failed. This helped the company to repair the machines before they broke down. They saved repair costs, it also provided to Caterpillar reduce their inventory costs. * Fites expanded the products of the company. Caterpillar entered a total of 38 mergers and joint venture agreements. Caterpillar sold engines separately and accounted for 35 percent of Caterpillar's revenues. This is a very big market and Caterpillar engines powered one third of the big trucks in the United States. * Fites wanted to reject the collective bargaining agreement, because the labor costs are very high and they were cutting the company's global competitiveness. The labor prices were very high and Caterpillar was heavily depended on the export of domestically manufactured products. After he rejected the agreement union went to strike. But Fites forecasted the strike and he built up enough inventory to supply customers for about six months. * Fites was a very successful CEO; he trained managers and office workers to operate factory machinery, when the strike happened again he was prepared again. His ability to see the answer before the question earned company lots of money. * At last he got what he wanted. He signed a contract with the union allowing Caterpillar to introduce two tier wage system and pay new employees 70 percent of the starting union scale. The contract also provided more flexible schedule format allowing management to keep employees on the job longer than eight hours. The contract also enabled company to hire temporary employees without the approval of the union. * Fites wanted to have good relationship with the union because incase of an economic downturn and an recession he wanted to have a smooth workforce. Glen Barton * He believed that the downturn of the US market could be eliminated by an upturn in the international market. * He increased sales of Caterpillars equipment to the developing nations such as Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. By doing this he created new markets for the company. * He made non truck engines incase of a decline in the truck engines. Such diversification enabled the company to produce engines even the truck engine part offset. * Under the leadership of Barton, Caterpillar started to sell mobile power modules. * Caterpillar started to rent business equipment. Barton made efforts to make dealers diversify into rentals. As successful as it is the rental distribution segment of the fastest growing segment. * He also used joint ventures to expand into new markets, and he was very successful. He formed joint ventures with Daimler Chrysler and started to produce medium duty engines. He also started to manufacture fuel systems. Those fuel systems were designed to increase efficiency of diesel engines and thereby reduce diesel emissions.

The effectiveness of tourism as an economic developmental model for Research Paper

The effectiveness of tourism as an economic developmental model for underdeveloped countries - Research Paper Example Earnings from the tourism sector are impressive, providing about 50 percent of Seychelles’ GDP (Seychelles - THE ECONOMY, n.d.). Unlike majority of the African countries, Seychelles is one of the most developed countries in the African region. Even though most of the African countries are blessed with dense forests and natural beauties, none of those countries exploited it as did by Seychelles. The administrators of Seychelles did everything possible to transform Seychelles as the tourist’s paradise in the African region. It should be noted that the administrators have developed the necessary infrastructure facilities for tourism development in Seychelles. Plenty of world class hotels and restaurants are available in Seychelles so that tourist may not face any problems in the country. Moreover, the government has liberalised the procedures for getting tourists visas to Seychelles. An international airport was opened at Anse Dejenner, Mahe in July 1971 by the government of Seychelles to encourage tourism. Since then, the number of tourists visiting Seychelles has been gradually increasing. â€Å"From a relatively small number of 3,175 tourists in 1971, the figure exceeded the 100,000 mark for the first time in 1990†(Gabbay and Ghosh, n.d., p.1). The number of tourists in has already been crossed the 200000 mark. The case of Botswana is also similar to that of Seychelles. â€Å"Tourism income at present is valued at around $240 million per year in Botswana† (Botswana, 2011). Plenty of game reserves with hunting and photographic safaris are available in available Botswana. Central Kalahari Game Reserve is the most famous park in the Kalahari Desert of Botswana. More than one million tourists are visiting Botswana every year.... This paper offers an thorough analysis of the effectiveness of tourism as an economic developmental model for underdeveloped countries taking Seychelles, Botswana, Mauritius and Caribbean islands as examples. One of the major reasons for underdevelopment in poor countries is lack of resources. However, majority of the poor countries are full of natural beauty and hence such countries can develop tourism as a major revenue source. For example, Seychelles, Botswana, Mauritius and Caribbean islands are some countries, which have lack of internal resources, but have beautiful beaches, seashores and landscapes. Unlike majority of the African countries, Seychelles is one of the most developed countries in the African region. It should be noted that the administrators have developed the necessary infrastructure facilities for tourism development in Seychelles. Plenty of world class hotels and restaurants are available in Seychelles so that tourist may not face any problems in the country. Moreover, the government has liberalised the procedures for getting tourists visas to Seychelles. The case of Botswana is also similar to that of Seychelles. Plenty of game reserves with hunting and photographic safaris are available in available Botswana. As in the cases of Seychelles and Botswana, Mauritius is also utilizing tourism revenue for economic development.Antigua is the most developed Caribbean island with the help of tourism followed by Bahamas and Barbados. Underdeveloped countries can definitely promote tourism as a major revenue source.

Operation Management Week 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Operation Management Week 6 - Assignment Example Traditionally, five major concepts are considered in project management. These concepts form the project management processes prescribed by the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). The five concepts are initiation, planning or design, production or execution, monitoring and controlling, and closing (David and Cleland, 2006). From the diagram below, it would be noted that some of the concepts are independent, whiles other depend on others. There are also some that interrelate to each other. On the whole, the concepts are in place to ensure that at every point in time, there will be a systematic way of approaching projects to achieve the goals of process improvement. Examples of projects that have been conducted following the concepts of project management and the success that came out of these projects continues to be an inspiration for others to follow the concepts. A typical example of such project can be cited as the Walt Disney Companys Theme Parks, which was carried out using the ITIL initiative of project management. Carried out in 2010, the project has become one of the finest examples of projects that met project management core concepts (The APM Group and The Stationery Office,

Digital forensic analyst Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Digital forensic analyst - Case Study Example The paper also outlines how the cases have had an impact on the trajectory of digital computer forensic and the work of digital forensic analyst. Case 1: U.S. v. Diaz The case between U.S and Diaz involved marijuana in New Mexico. In this case, Jesus Manuel Diaz had more than 1000 kilograms of Marijuana he wanted to distribute in the United States using his trucking company, JD Easyline (Admin, 2011). In December, 11th 2009, the United States district court heard that Daiz drove his truck eastbound from Mexico to the Arizona border where he intended to distribute Marijuana hidden in his truck. Being the Diaz wanted to cross the border with the marijuana onboard his truck, he had falsified the paper work detailing the real weight of the truck and the merchandise onboard. After arriving at a border booth, he went ahead to get the paperwork necessary for him to cross the border with the truck, but the credential booth was closed on that day. As a result, Diaz went out of his truck and met Officer Smid, whom he presented all the paper work including his driving license in pursuit of a clearance letter. However, Smid was worried about the weight Diaz had quoted in his paper work. The gross weight of Diaz’s truck was way below what Smid expected. Smid argued that an empty truck with fuel weighed close to 33,000 pounds. However, Diaz had pointed that the merchandise onboard was 9,762 pound, which concerned Smid because some weight was uncounted in the truck. Smid inspected Diaz paperwork and questioned the discrepancy in weight, which Diaz attempted to explain. He argued that some shippers often put more weight on the truck than necessary. An inspection of the truck revealed that Diaz did not have a CB radio and he had four cellphones. Furthermore, Smid discovered the Diaz was uneasy and was scratching his head, a behavior he had not displayed at the start of the conversation. The seal of the truck was a commercial seal and Smid noted that there was some air freshener in the truck, though this was missing in the bill of lading. A through search of the truck using a sniffer dog revealed more the 3,300 pounds of marijuana (Admin, 2011). In addition, a laptop computer and printer, Diaz used to falsify and print the bill of lading was found. A computer forensic testified in the court that Diaz had deleted a program he used to create a false bill of lading to justify the additional weight of marijuana. Forensic analysis revealed that the bil l of lading was not the one the dollar store issued to Diaz. This evidence in this case had a significant impact on the case because it Diaz was found guilty and convicted. While Diaz had succeeded to alter the bill of lading, the work of computer forensic allowed the prosecutor to prove that Diaz had deleted software he used to make and print a false bill of lading. The case underscores the role of digital forensic analysts in discovering deleted files and linking the same to cases pending before courts of law. Moreover, the case proved that digital forensic analyst could determine the authenticity of documents by finding programs used to create them. In such cases, it would be easy for investigators to gather evidence

Bonds, which tie people to the places they live Essay

Bonds, which tie people to the places they live - Essay Example It is often in the midst of an environment that is foreign to them that people tend to have a feeling of nostalgia for their previous lives, which was their comfort zone, and actually regret the cutting of those bonds, which tied them to their previous lives. It can be said that severing old ties or bonds is a necessary part of an attempt to gain one’s freedom from cultures, which have only a one-dimensional view of the world, and learning about other cultures. In this way, people end up being more cosmopolitan and by being cosmopolitan; it encourages them to have a more focused view of the world, free of the prejudices, which often make people very narrow-minded. The question that one should ask himself is whether they made the right choice in severing their old bonds or whether they should have kept these ties. One of the most important bonds that human beings have is the bond to family. This is the bond that one does not choose to have, and is instead born into and it is th e closest bond an individual can have. Family is very important thing to the human being and it is the first society that he experiences. Not only is it the first socializing factor in one’s life, but it is also the most influential considering the fact that the parents often raise their children to be responsible and successful people in society and to do this, they instill in them the virtues which are considered desirable by the rest of the society. The bonds, which tie one to one’s family are often very strong, even though one does not choose which families they belong to, these bonds are permanent. The only way through which one can break the family bonds is perhaps through the death of all of one’s family, and this is a very rare thing. However, there are times when even the bonds of family can be broken. A good example of this is in Adichie’s Headstrong Historian where Anikwenwa rejects everything concerning his mother once he is converted to Chris tianity. Not only does the bond, which tied him to his mother, get broken, but also Anikwenwa ends up losing the virtues, which his mother had taught him since childhood, and instead, he adopts those from another culture. This severance of bonds is permanent, and mother and son do not look eye to eye on matters again until the former’s death (Adiche 212). In addition, another bond, which is also very hard to break, is the bond of origins. A person’s origins are very important to him and many people often display a sense of pride in it. When people immigrate to a new country, for example, they often take with them fond memories of their countries of origin and tend to compare their progress in their new home to that of their old one. Many carry the customs and practices of their old country to their new one and they continue practicing them due to their belief that the culture in which they were born is better than the one they have come to live within. Not only do they continue to practice this culture, but they also have great pride in it. However, there is often a great bitterness among the first generation immigrants to a new culture when their children and grandchildren adopt the culture of their adopted country instead of continuing with the culture of the old country. The younger generation

Family Law - Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Family Law - Marriage - Essay Example Therefore now begs the question why would one marry. Physiologists believe that marriage is a link to mental balancing and physical health. Family fact organization site believe that marriage couples tend to have lower mortality rate, financial stability and general physiological well being. That means marriage can make one better wealth accumulator. All this benefits of marriage must have culminated from some factors found in a healthy marriage only. Marriage couples enjoy sex to the fullest than their counter parts who cohabit, because of the legality of their union. They are not worried when making love as their counterparts who are very conscious lest they cross boundaries of the â€Å"illicit sex†, example impregnating. According to studies marriage women are healthier physiologically and physically, feel more secure, increases influence, and couples tend to report lower level of depression and are less addicted to substances. The biggest disadvantages of marriage, both parties are core owners of their wealth. This means if one chooses to go, the wealth will be shared between the two parties . In conclusion, weighing cons and pros of marriage, it is moral to support its institution because of its advantages which outweigh the cons of marriage, and who doesn’t want to be wealthy? ... ea, gloves for the hand and goggles for the eyes, nature has shaped them and if by any chance they are used for any other purpose, they do not fit and the user may be termed as persons with mental depravity. Same sex marriage is not the issue; the issue is the sex itself. This is not about religion, or politics. This is the argument of reasoning. It goes beyond the Hawaiian constitution, for democracy is a say of the majority but that cannot overrule the truth and the fact of nature3. From researchers gay couples are obviously unfaithful to their spouse compared to the straight ones. They are poor parents, and their sexual pleasure and fantasy is far much brutal and uncontrollable. In other words gay marriage is legalizing some sort of future sexual offenders. HIV is also rampant to the gay community because of these very same facts they emphasizes on sex not family. If it has no benefit to society, it therefore of no reason whatsoever to be legalized in the institution of marriage b ecause it fail the test marriage4. I don’t know what the drive for same sex union is, but no matter the justification of it, there is nothing like same sex marriage. In my opinion legalizing a social sickness is legalizing a global confusion and judging them is not healing them. The main point is, same sex marriage does not exist, but the homosexuals and gays need counseling, accommodation and tolerance but not marriage. 3rd Task: 300 words abstract for the following essay: "To what extent does the law governing the allocation of parenthood successfully accommodate the diverse ways in which people become parents today?" In this context, presumably parenthood allocation means child custody and control giving the parent the power of right and responsibility. According to many state laws, a

Discriminating Can Save Lives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discriminating Can Save Lives - Essay Example s of suspicion and criminal activities that are more likely to happen while on the other hand, critics of racial profiling rejects the idea of racial profiling as an activity of violating human rights and greatly humiliates the race which has many drawbacks. This argumentative paper narrates the perspectives of both schools of thoughts in terms of racial profiling. United States of America is most notably being counted amongst the states that greatly contribute to the promotion racial profiling for the defense of state and security purposes. The mentioned action of United States is due to the fact that it suffered the heavy lost as a result of terrorist planes hijacks that de-structured world trade centre on 11 September 2001 (Muffler). At one hand, a great deal of Americans believes that racial profiling is necessary and productive because it reduces the chances of terrorist acts and suspicions. This account can be defended with the example from the history of hijacking in United States. It was observed that in 1972, about 28 US aircrafts were hijacked when there were no helpful techniques for screening were applied. After the implementation of racial profiling, hijacking was reduced to a greater extent. Thus defenders of racial profiling conclude that it is better to implement racial profiling in order to reduce the terrorist attack possibilities (Muffler). The criticism that comes against racial profiling is acceptable as constitution itself does not permit the law enforcement to separate some persons from rest of the crowd on the basis of race, religion or any other characteristic. The constitution does not even permits racial profiling on the basis of suspicion of criminals act. One more prosecutor account in terms of negativity of racial profiling is that the profiling of Arab is most strict and focused by the law and enforcement of Unites States because the terrorist who attacked world trade centre were Arab Muslims. As a result, it is more likely to

Contemporary Issues in Financial Services Essay - 3

Contemporary Issues in Financial Services - Essay Example Nonetheless, from this essay, one will understand that financial intermediaries are here to stay, considering their positive influence in the economy, which supersedes their negative influence in the economy. Financial markets exist in almost all countries in the world, as these play an important role in the economy of a country. A financial market can be defined as a type of market where there is the trade of money and other assets, which are in the form of finances. In this kind of market, financial assets are traded in different manners. For instance, this includes the exchange of previously traded financial assets, as well as the trade of new financial assets. Besley and Brigham (2011) note that, financial markets are different from asset markets, and that this is a conceptual term, since financial markets lack a specific location, as in the case of asset markets. In the financial markets, borrowers and lenders interact at different levels. Therefore, there is also borrowing and lending activities in financial markets. ... Financial markets are significant to an economy, because of the roles they play in a country. First, financial markets enable lending and borrowing to take place. This is through the granting of purchasing power to various agents, to transfer funds for different purposes, including investments and consumption (Burton, Nesiba & Brown 2009). Financial markets also play a significant role in determining prices for new financial assets and the existing ones. These also allow for the risk sharing between providers of funds and the investors. In addition, the stockholder in a financial market is given an opportunity to resell their financial assets, a process known as liquidity. Finally, financial markets help in the reduction of both the costs incurred in transaction and information, thus increasing the level of efficiency. Besley and Brigham emphasize the importance of financial markets, as enabling the flow of cash in the economy, since these avail different ways for lenders and borrowe rs to transact financially (2011). In the financial markets, there are different types of players, just as the case of any ordinary market dealing with goods and services. These various players in financial markets are what are referred to as ‘financial institutions.’ These mainly make their profits from the transactions between the borrowers and lenders in the financial markets. These financial institutions in the United States of America are classified into four major broad categories. These include brokers, financial intermediaries, dealers, and investment bankers. All these have their specific functions in financial markets, and therefore, are of high value. Sometimes, the financial markets

Assignment about ethics 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

About ethics 3 - Assignment Example tson has added a condition element to the metaphor of â€Å"Business is a game†, proclaiming it to be the â€Å"greatest game in the world if you know how to play it.† It means that those who are not expert in their business are bad players of the business game. For the founder of Multinational Corporation like IBM, running successfully the company could be a game or the greatest game, as Watson is assumingly the expertise of his business line, but for Hamington this conceptual metaphor contains ethical shortcomings. The basic problem is related to the outcomes of assuming business as a game depend on our understanding of the world view. As business functions are performed on ethical notions, rules of games can not be applied on them. A business activity can not be morally free unlike games that follow their self-designed code of behavior. A business needs to be conducted as per legal principles. If business is taken to be a game in the limited scope, it makes random use of false statements and half-truths to conceal the wrong procedures. A business needs to be legal and at the same time profitable too. Hamington has cited Carr time and again to relate to business ethics, which are devoid of individual morality. Carr finds similarity between business and game by stressing on playing the game of business like a game player (Hamington 476). Hamington finds flaws with the metaphorical notion of â€Å"business as a game†. According to Hamington, doing business like a game â€Å"compartmentalizes† morality. It is just like changing the rules of the game according to the situation; if it favors the player to mold business ethics, rules become elastic enough to be restructured and if it does not find favor with the business interests, rules are adhered to (Hamington 477). Quoting Wasserstorm, Hamington explains compartmentalization through â€Å"role differentiated behavior† of professionals, which reduces the importance of ethical considerations in business. Professionals

Interpersonal and Effective Communication Essay Example for Free

Interpersonal and Effective Communication Essay P.1 – Produce a guidance document explaining the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context for a new member of staff (using a hospital or care home setting) to include: Communication: text messaging, written, oral, signing, technology. Interpersonal interaction: language, non-verbal (choose 2 issues under each heading from unit specification page 3). Effective communication The role of effective communication is important in any work setting especially in any health care setting. Effective communication is when someone is getting a message across or explaining a topic fully with using the least information possible it is when information is transmitted accurately and simply such as in a hospital or care home information that any staff needs to know will be given to them in the easiest and simplest form possible. Communication although is not effective if the person you are giving the information to is not listening. Effective communication can be between colleagues or professionals and people using the services. There are many different forms of communication these include; †¢text messaging †¢written †¢Oral/verbal †¢ signing †¢ symbols †¢ touch †¢ music and drama †¢ arts and crafts †¢ Technology Text messaging This is done on an everyday basis this is done on devices such as mobile phones and computers. The messages are sent through a large ariel in space. Such as in a care home or nursery school the staff would sometimes keep in contact through text messages this is good for when they are out of work and can’t speak to each other. Written There are many different forms of written communication. Most of our communication is in written form. We have newspapers that tell us what’s happening round the world daily, also we have books about everything under the sun and we have magazines and leaflets that give information on health topics such as pregnancy, diabetes, care etc. Within in any health care setting this is important and comes into play in recording medical treatments or medicines, instructions on treatment and medication and also agreements between two people. Signing This is a way of communicating for those who are deaf they use their hands to speak. There is an official British sign language. This would come into health care frequently and in hospitals and care homes there should always be someone that knows this in case of a patient who is deaf. There are different contexts of communication these include; One to one this is one individual communicating to another individual such as in a conversation or email or instant messaging. This can occur on an everyday basis in any health care setting such as one nurse speaking to another nurse about a patient. Group This is when more than two people are communicating with each other this can range from 3 to any number such as a class lecture consisting of about 60 people. Group communication is effective as it sends the same information to the entire group at the same time. This can happen in a health care setting such as a care home when they have staff meetings. Formal This is when people use rules of language in either written or verbal communication such as in a letter from your doctor or either when you have an interview for a job. Formal communication comes into every health and social care setting such as when you’re in hospital and the doctor comes around to see you he would use formal language. Informal This is a more laid back type of communication such as if you were talking to your family or friends you don’t have to use rule of language and this can be present in some health and social care settings such as a social worker or key worker that you have known for perhaps a long time you would then be more comfortable with them and your language would be more laidback rather than formal. There are a few factors and skill that help in effective communication these include; †¢eye contact and visible mouth †¢body language †¢asking some questions †¢checking for understanding †¢silence †¢encouragement to continue †¢smiling face †¢summarising what has been said Interpersonal interaction Interpersonal interaction is the way in which we communicate and interact with each other. To have efficient communication skill in a health and social care setting is vital in helping building relationships with clients, to provide and receive information, understand and meet the needs of clients and to report on work done with clients. There are two type of interpersonal interaction these are language and non-verbal. Language Language consists of every day communication we use this on a day to day basis. There are many different types of language such as Spanish French German etc. and everybody has a first language even if they know a few our first language would be English. In a hospital there can be many people that come in on a day to day basis that don’t speak English but this can prove a barrier to communicating with that person. In most hospitals and care settings there would be a few nurses and doctors that would speak more than one language and if not an interpreter may have to be brought in. Dialect also comes under language this is the way certain people from certain places or cities speak such as wales would have a welsh dialect and England has an English dialect. This can happen in any care setting such as a care home when residents could be from different places and speak different ways the carers may not understand them as much but after a period of time they may get to know their dialect. Jargon would also come under language this is basically just a manner of talking that is very difficult to understand or even sometimes senseless. And slang would be another form of language this is very similar to dialect and is based on word people say that are not in the dictionary but a lot may know the meaning certain towns and places would have their own slang such as Derry city is well known for its slang. In a hospital if someone came in that was injured and they only talk in slang it can be very hard for the person treating them to understand although he person doing it may not even realise. We use speech everyday although some people cannot do this there are alternative ways for them to communicate with others such as picture cards for the deaf these would be cards that contain pictures on them of everyday things so that someone who cannot speak tell someone what they want or need or for someone who cannot hear so that the person communicating with them can tell them what they’re saying this would come into health care settings such as therapy like speech therapy there would be picture cards for children who cannot talk to communicate also there is electronic devices such as Light writers are small, robust, portable voice output communication aids (VOCA) specially designed to meet the particular and changing needs of people with speech loss resulting from a wide range of acquired, progressive and congenital conditions. Non-verbal Non-verbal is the way in which we interact and communicate with each other without speaking this can be in many different ways and we can do this without even knowing. These include posture that can portray to someone if you are interested of not if someone is talking to you and you’re sitting slouched and sloppy they may believe you’re not interested in what you’re saying. Facial expression can tell a person a lot such as if someone tells you something that is very surprising you would open your mouth and maybe gasp this shows the person that you are shocked without having to speak there are a number of different facial expressions for many different feelings such as happy sad angry scared etc. Reflective listening is another form such as if someone was telling you something and you are listening intensively then they know that you have got the message and that you are interested without having to ask you. Proximities is different things people need when communicating with someone such as your own personal space The amount of distance we need and the amount of space we perceive as belonging to us is influenced by a number of factors including social norms, situational factors, personality characteristics and level of familiarity. For example, the amount of personal space needed when having a casual conversation with another person usually varies between 18 inches to four feet. All these non-verbal methods communication are used in any health and social care settings on an everyday basis such as I a hospital when a consultant has to talk to someone they would use their non-verbal communication along with verbal by having good posture when talking to the person having a low voice if giving the person bad news and would also use facial expressions when the patient is talking to them to maybe let them know they understand what they’re saying.

Diversity and Education According Essay Example for Free

Diversity and Education According Essay America’s student populations are increasingly reflective of an ethnically diverse society. However, we recognize that there are several major variables for improving the multicultural accommodation apparent in a school. Bruner and Vytgotsky lend this discussion some useful insight concerning such variables. Chief among them, the diversity of faculty, of learning content and of learning media all are directly relevant to the school’s embrace of difference. As the immigrant population continues not only to rise but to diversify in the United States, our educational system, and indeed, our nation has in many contexts attempted to enforce a degree of cultural uniformity inclined to either assimilate or exclude incoming cultures. Standardized testing, rigid curriculum design and poor representation amongst teachers and administrators of a diverse student population have all had the impact of white-washing American education. In the urban setting such as the case at hand, this can be especially problematic, with such failures of institution causing vulnerable students to disengage. Vytgotsky contributes an important idea to this discussion, referring us to the relevance of effective pedagogy in engaging such students. One of the best ways to accomplish this is through group activity. We have a core understanding of the fact that diversity implies not just a diversity of ethnicity or culture but also of potential learning styles or strategy. Vytgotsky offers an effective way to use this diversity to the advantage of the classroom. Group activity is always an effective way to help distill strategies and strengths for individuals. By strategically grouping students according to aptitude and academic strength, we enable stronger learners to directly engage weaker learners in a way that helps to effectively communicate concepts and ideas in play. Vytgotsky essentially contends that there is value to the less effective student of being partnered with a more skilled learner. This interaction can be beneficial to the aptitude of the former and can help the latter develop innate leadership skills. The focus of such legislation as No Child Left Behind does not leave a great deal of freedom or latitude for the urban school to engage in such activities however. There seems at present to be an impulse of standardization directly opposite the need for diversity celebration. Some of the root causes of the failure of our educational system to accommodate diversity as it cuts across multiple demographic lines are resultant of the instruments used to promote student aptitude measurements. (McCarty, 1) Primarily, the ability or interest of teachers to accommodate diversity is stunted by the entrenched presence of institutional prejudices that shape testing standards, curricular design and instructional method in a way that embraces standardization, legislative mandate and procedural uniformity. (McCarty, 1) One of the most heavily-recognized and persistent of such conflicts may be observed still today in the genuine lack of equality in the cultural standards applied to teaching African Americans. Particularly, there is a fundamental failure in the content choices which shape curricula such as those concerning literacy, history, policy and even the natural As part of a cyclical pattern which institutionally prevents our minority populations from being loosed of such a negative spiral, students beholden thereto are either locked into curricula which are given a financial short-shrift and are thus, armed with fewer qualified teachers, or are committed to districts where their cultural and ethnic perspectives are not being accounted for. This is a circumstance which regrettably continues today, with the current presidential administration’s No Child Left Behind initiative imposing further dependence upon the diagnostic testing and grade-evaluation policies which have long been an appendage of established educational patterns. The new education standards are given over to a â€Å"fundamentally punitive law that uses flawed standardized tests to label schools as failures and punish them with counterproductive sanctions. † (Neill, 1) This is also a sharp diversion in focus from that which Bruner argues is a priority for the diverse student bodies in our urban schools. The social impact of the educational experience is, according to Bruner, a fundamental aspect of its quality. The student’s engagement in class will often be a function of his socialization. This provides a firm rationale for the critique of diversity standards in our educational system. Indeed, there is an inherent danger by way of this administrative approach of the loss of pragmatism, which often incorrectly attributes the challenges related to diversity as products of learning deficiencies. This constitutes a fundamental disservice to the student and, it is worth asserting, basic intellectual prejudice which generally stigmatizing the future opportunities availed to those of ethnic minority or immigrant status. In Bruner’s understanding, the socialization of a diverse student body will actually promote learning rather than obstruct it. Therefore, as the ultimate resolution on the subject, our discussion inclines us to acknowledge as a basis of assumption that greater multicultural sensitivity is needed in the teaching of literacy, of the social sciences and of all disciplines on the individual level. Moreover, we resolve that both Bruner and Vytgotsky would find fault with the rigid and disruptive patterns of No Child Left Behind. Ultimately, the two provide theories which merge to suggest that diversity can be managed through flexible management of the classroom and educational experiences. Works Cited McCarty, Teresa. (2005). Language, Literacy and Power In Schooling. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Neill, Monty. (2003). Don’t Mourn, Organize! Rethinking Schools. Online at http://www. rethinkingschools. org/special_reports/bushplan/nclb181. shtml

Theories for Optimistic Personality Traits: A Reflection

Theories for Optimistic Personality Traits: A Reflection Eunice Khong Ee Thian Question 2 (a) I am an optimistic person. Optimism is an individual variable. It embodies the extent to which individuals hold generalized expectancies for their future. Persons with high level of optimism have better subjective well-being when facing adversity. Researches also pointed that optimism has been associated to higher levels of engagement coping and lower level of avoidance. Optimism also linked with health-protective behaviors (Carver, Scheier, Segerstrom, 2010). I always believe that there are always good thing waiting for me ahead. I always look thing in the bright side. No doubt that disappointments and sadness will happen sometimes but I prefer to face challenges and difficulties positively and believe all the problems can be solved one day instead blamed on the problems and others. I always find ways and take actions to solve problems rather than avoid facing them. For instance, during exam, I believe myself can do well in the papers instead of failing them. As optimism also highly associated with resilience which is bouncing back power when facing adversity, I found that the intensity of my optimistic behavior is high and this lead me to have high level of resilience because I do not easily bow to difficulties. (b) I have born in a positive family environment. My parents are also very optimistic. No matter how difficult the situations were, they always showed me and taught me to face adversity positively when I small until now. I am the only child in my family; no doubt my parents will put the most care and attention on me. However, they do not too pamper me. They like my friends and let me make my own decisions. They respect my decisions and also will give me suggestions when I’m making decisions as some guidelines for me. The respect that they gave me made me have confident to face all the challenges positively. As an example, they let me to choose the course that I want to study and which university I want to go to further my study. They do not restrict my freedom but encourage me to pursue my own dreams. Thus, my optimistic behavior has to thank for my parents as they made me have the courage to enrich my life. Besides that, the environment I join is supportive. I like to join with persons who have positive thinking because they make me feel active, fresh and energetic. When in school, I prefer to join friends with positive behaviors. The supports and encouragements that they gave me also is one of the reasons that made me have optimistic behavior. For instance, I have a group of friends who I used to organize events with them in secondary school. I enjoyed the moment when we organized events because no matter how tired we were, we will support each other to across the difficulties together happily but not blame on each other. This also influenced me to be optimistic. (c) Biopsychosocial model integrates biological, psychological and sociocultural factors for explaining a behavior. Optimistic behavior can affect a person biologically. Plenty of researches figured out that optimists have higher survival rate from illness than pessimists. Optimists tend to have better physical health and mental health compare to pessimists. This may because of optimists have greater persistent goal pursuit and active coping with stressors while confronting adversity (Carver, Scheier, Segerstrom, 2010). According to the study of Schou, Ekeberg, Ruland (2005), optimists have greater fighting spirit when facing illness hence they may have better quality of life compare to pessimists (as cited in Carver, Scheier, Segerstrom, 2010). I have skin allergies since I am 9 years old. It is very itchy and irritated when it started. Optimistic behavior braces me up to fight with this disease bravely as I realized that I should not tie by this issue since I have other more signifi cant things are waiting for me to complete rather than always depress on this disease. I feel more relax and less burden when I started to view the disease from the bright side. Besides that, optimistic behavior also helps in coping stress. Individuals with optimistic behavior can cope with stress better and less depresses and has less adverse impact on their physical health (Carver, Scheier, Segerstrom, 2010). For instance, optimistic behavior helps me to survive through many exams. Exams are stressful event. I can cope with the stress during exams with optimistic behavior such as learn to relax instead of nervously prepare for exams. Optimistic behavior also will affect a person psychologically. People will have different feelings and reactions when encountering problems such as enthusiasm or anxiety. How a person feels is related to the differences level of optimism. Optimists expect good outcomes while pessimists expect bad outcomes (Carver, Scheier, Segerstrom, 2010). This will influence a person attitude and behavior. Optimists will have positive attitude and behavior such as hopeful, helpful, enthusiasm and persistent. However, pessimists will have negative attitude and behavior such as hopelessness, easily give up and fragile. Optimistic behavior has helping me a lots in shaping me to become positive. According to my friends, I am the kind of happy-go-lucky and cheerful person. This behavior has helped me earn a lot of precious friendships. Furthermore, according to the study of Sdberg Ness and Segerstrom (2006), optimists are using various types of coping strategies in confronting adversity such as problem- focused coping and engagement coping to solve problems. However, pessimists are always using avoidance coping and disengagement coping while facing challenges (as cited in Carver, Scheier, Segerstrom, 2010). Optimists always learn how to solve problems while pessismists always avoid to face problems and prefer to stay in their comfort zone. For example, me and my parents tried a lot of ways to cure my allergies problem rather than doing nothing and keep on depress. From sociocultural perspective, optimistic behavior is associated with the social environment and culture around an individual. Optimists have better social connections and easier be accepted by others than pessismists as people like someone who express positive thinkings rather than negative expectations (Carver, Scheier, Segerstrom, 2010). Optimists gain more social support from the surrounding. I accepted by my frirends as I always express positive thinkings and feelings to them hence I gain supports from them. Culture will also influence a person’s behavior, believe and thought. Individuals who in a culture which full of negative thoughts, anxiey and sadess are easily become pessimists. In the other hand, if a culture always promote positve, enthusiasm and hopeful atmosphere, individuals are more optimistic. For instance, in my family culture, my parents always encourage me to view thing from the positive side. Therefore, I learn to be optimistic after be edified by my parents. In conclusion, my optimistic behavior is not caused by only one factor. Parents, peers and the people surroundings play an important role in helping me to build optimistic behavior. Hence, people should work together and take in every aspect such as biological, psychological and sociocultural factors as consideration in building children positive characteristics. References Carver, C., Scheier, M., Segerstrom, S. (2010). Optimism. Clinical Psychology Review, 879-889.

Solutions to Gang Violence in Society Essay -- Gang Violence Crimes Vi

Gang violence is a major problem in our society today. If nothing is done soon, gang violence could take place in our neighborhoods. MW Klein, a gang researcher, says that gangs are an aggregation of youths who perceive themselves as distinct, and that are viewed as distinct by the community. Klein also states that the gangs call forth a consistently negative image of themselves through their actions (Klein). To those involved in gangs however, gang membership provided a youth means of attempting to consolidate their gender identities (Douglas). Most of the early American street gangs have historically been ethnically based. Early gangs were mainly Irish, Polish, or Italian (Klein). Communities all over deal with gang violence. Criminologist and crime writer John E. Douglas, explained how the propagation of street gangs in America and the violence associated with them is disturbing. He mentioned that street gangs have a presence in 94 percent of all the U.S. cities with populations greater than 100,000 (Klein). A number of studies have been conducted dealing with gang violence throughout the world. One particular study in Chicago showed that five percent of elementary school children were affiliated with street gang, as well as 35 percent of high school dropouts (Klein). Elizabeth Van Ella of the Chicago Crime Commission, explained that in Chicago alone, 65,000 documented gang members account for 48 percent of the crime. A majority of the members thrive in business as a way to cover up their schemes (Hutson). They flourish in retail sales, computer sales, hospitals, office buildings, schools, transportation, and security firms. Practically, anywhere that pr ovides a cover for laundering money, and easy mobility (Hutson). Klein explains that another place that has been greatly affected is Los Angeles. Los Angeles has over 950 different gangs with more than 100,000 members. They are not just limited to inner-city ghettos, but are active in over 800 cities nation wide. Overall, nearly 100 cities with population’s less then 10,000 report active street gangs (Klein). Many stereotypes of gangs have been fabricated. The problem is that a majority of gang members do not fit these stereotypes, which, in turn, makes it hard for the to be caught (Klein). Traditionally they organize their group around a specific neighborhood, school or housing projec... ...versity Press. Fall 1995. General Reference Center Gold. 21 Jan 2007 Loeber R., and D.P. Farrington. â€Å"Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions.† Thousand Oaks. 1998. First Search. Feb 2007 Otero, Juan. â€Å"Curbing street gang violence,† National League of Cities. 21 Dec 1998. General Reference Center Gold. Jan 2007 Pfeiffer, Christian. â€Å"A toilet apart.† New Statesman. 2 Aug 1999. General Reference Center Gold. Mar 2007 Singer, Merrill. â€Å"Drugs, violence and moral panic in urban America,† American Anthropologist. Mar 1998. First Search. Feb 2007 Synder, Scott. â€Å"Movie portrayals of juvenile delinquency: part II—Sociology and psychology,† Adolescence. Summer 1995. First Search. Feb 2007 Walker, Hill M. et al., â€Å" The path to school failure, delinquency, and violence: Casual factors and some potential solutions,† Intervention in School and Clinic. Nov 1999. First Search. Feb 2007 Witt, Peter A. and Joni E. Baker. â€Å"Making A R.E.A.L. Difference,† Parks and Recreation. Mar 1999. General Reference Center Gold. Jan 2007 Wittmeier, Carmen. â€Å"Still no confession, but†¦,† Alberta Report. Aug 1999. General Reference Center Gold. Feb 2007

Essay --

Educational theory that is relevant to change management would be the social learning theory. In this theory the leader or educator has a responsibility to act as a role model. Social learning theory has been applied to education in nursing to maximise the use of support groups and to address psycho social problems. As an example from research it has shown that nurse managers who understand their responsibilities and roles in promoting a positive work environment leads to enhances competence, learning and satisfaction (Kane-Urrabazo, C. 2006) Bandura states that people do not need to experience things directly to learn and that substantial learning happens by observing other people’s behaviour and what happens to them. Learning can be seen as a social process and other individuals provide compelling examples for how to act feel and think. The principle of Role Modelling is to enable the student to observe a well-trained nurse work and therefore allows the student to foster the professional role. This does not only involve the learning of clinical skills but learning about professional attitudes and interactions with patients and other members of healthcare staff (Quinn 1991). For this theory Role Modelling is a central concept and as an example a nurse with little experience would usually be mentored by a nurse with more experience who shows desirable behaviours and professional attitudes. In relation to nurse education the advantage of social learning theory is its focus on the social aspect of learning which occurs in a social environment, recognising the complexity of the person and the environment. Callery 1990 states that the same complexity makes interaction challenging and intervention complicated. The environment woul... .... Set of principles of adult education centred on the political fact that there are fundamental differences in the legal rights of adults & children. Educational philosophy defined in terms of self-directed learning, student centred teaching & lifelong learning. Self-directedness & individual development is consistent with humanism. Advocates autonomy by giving the learner responsibility for learning. Andragogy encourages individual learning diversity Andragogical consistency mirrors the nurse patient- relationship Andragogy can be understood as a means that adult education must focus more on the method compared than to the lessons. Self-evaluation, simulations, role playing and case studies are the most useful of these types of education, Instructors take on the function of a resource person or facilitator instead of assuming the usual role of a grader or lecturer.

Intertextuality Essay -- essays research papers fc

What is intertextuality? How does intertextuality challenge E.D. Hirsch’s idea that a text has a single meaning created by its author? Explain with reference to examples drawn from any media format. According to American literary critic, E.D. Hirsch, in order to interpret a body of text, one must ask one’s self the only question that can be answered objectively – â€Å"what, in all probability, did the author mean to convey?† He believed that the author’s intended meaning equates the meaning of a text and it is in fact, the reader’s duty to uncover the the author’s intentions. â€Å"The meaning of a text and its author’s intentions are one and the same.† Hirsch’s concept revolves around the assumption that a body of text is original, and is purely a body of the author’s sole â€Å"intentions†. The production of text, if one were to adhere to Hirsch’s theory, is therefore exclusive to the author’s own ideas and concepts and free of external influence. However, the notions of langue and parole disputes this idea. According to Barthes in 1984, â€Å"It [la langue] is the social part of language, the individual cannot himself either create or modify it†. Furthermore, Ferdinand de Saussure’s work on structuralism and semiotics demonstrates the subjectivity of language and can be said to have sewn the seeds for modern concepts of intertextuality (such as those developed by Roland Barthes and Julia Kristeva). Intertextuality challenges the idea of a text’s ability to be truly original and therefore disagrees with Hirsch’s theory. In this essay, I will focus on how conscious intertextuality as well as the semiotics involved in unconscious intertextuality both dispute the idea that the meaning of a text belongs exclusively to its author’s intentions. Julia Kristeva, who was the first to use the term â€Å"intertextuality†, proposed the idea that a text should not be interpreted merely by its words at face value, but also studied based on other works it has adapted and was influenced by. The concept can be further expanded upon by Gunther Kress’ notion of â€Å"ceaseless semiosis† which brings to light the social aspect of a text’s creation. â€Å"From the beginning, I use materials which I have encountered before, which bear the meanings of their social contexts, to weave a new text which, because it is woven from materials of other texts, everywhere and always connects with those other te... ...mpaigns, can now be seen as the qualities Bridget desires by smoking Silk Cut. Once again, Hirsch’s idea of a text bearing only one singular meaning can be easily disputed. The interpretation of the Silk Cut advertisement, as well as the use of Silk Cut cigarettes in Bridget Jones’s Diary, is highly subjective and dependent on the reader’s cultural literacy and existing knowledge. Intertextuality in the media, both print and otherwise, has become too powerful to ignore, especially in this day and age. The internet, satirical texts, advertisements and books are only some examples that demonstrate the effects other works and a reader’s prior knowledge have on any given text. Intertextuality in its various states, conscious and unconscious, is certainly a valid contention against the theory of E.D. Hirsch. Bibliography, References & Notes 1) Cultural Consumption and Everyday Life†, Reading As Production, John Storey, Pg 63, Arnold, London, 1999 2) Intertextuality, Allen.G, Pg 9, Routledge, London 2000 3) http://web.uvic.ca 4) http://www.theonion.com 5) http://www.geocities.com/howtodressemo 6) http://www.aber.ac.uk 7) Reading Ads Socially. Goldman. R, Routledge, London, 1992

Samuel Morse Essay

Morse remains as one of the most influential figures of American history because he contributed to society by creating the Inglewood electric telegraph. Samuel Morse was born in Charleston, Massachusetts on April 27,1791. As a young boy, Samuel lived with his parents and two older brothers. Although hi s academic skills were just mediocre, his ability to draw was outstanding. Samuel wanted to pursue a career in art but his father opposed and strongly urged him to focus on school. He graduated from Yale and become a clerk at a local bookstore.Eventually, Samuels father reversed his decision and allowed him to study art. He traveled to England and studied with the renowned artist Benjamin West. After four ears, he went back to America and opened up a studio in Boston. † But when Morse returned to the United States in 1815, Americans did not have a taste for such large history paintings. (Gambling 2). They attracted a lot of attention but nobody would buy them. Samuel wanted to in crease the respect for painters so he founded the National Academy of Design in New York. There, his painting Gallery Of the Louvre was displayed in public.By presenting Americans with a dazzling showcase of great art he would be doing in miniature what domestic art museum, were there one, should do. † , (Stain 5). Samuel expected his dents to study and copy the paintings provided at the Academy. Slowly, the American interest in historical art gradually increased. Without Samuel Morse, the people of the U. S. May have never found the beauty in art. As people began experimenting with different type Of methods to transfer messages, Morse dropped his focus on painting and directed it toward electricity.He was motif dated to create the telegraph due to the delayed and sudden news of his wife's death. Morse was listening to a friend and he talked about electromagnetism. â€Å"l see no reason why intelligence might not be instantaneously transmitted by electricity to NY distance. à ¢â‚¬Å", (Stain). He immediately jotted down notes for a future model. Morsel's final outcome was a singletree telegraph. It used a send, repeater and receiver. The main component of the machine was the use Of Morse Code. Morse Code is a series Of dots and slashes that can be translated into letters, numbers and phrases.A skilled operator can reach Upton forty words per minute. As the invention goes public, many people began to fight for the telegraph patent. â€Å"Morse was immediately involved in legal claims by his partner and by rival inventors. † (Maybe 8). Although the invention was impressive, I do not understand why people are desperate to win prizes. Morsel's main rival was Pain. They attacked each other with lawsuits and accusations. One of the examples was that Pain tried to claim that Morse copied the idea of using dots and slashes from a Swedish person named Swain.Samuel quickly displaced this by saying Swain did not intend to use it as a form of communication. Af ter a while, the electric telegraph patent went to Samuel Morse. Then the Congress funds $30,000 to construct a forty mile telegraph line that connects Washington to Baltimore. Samuel makes a public demonstration and types into the telegraph. What hath God wrought? ‘. These words officially open the first telegraph lines made. The Morse Telegraph quickly spreads around the world, greatly impacting their lives.Australia, Europe and India eventually made their own telegraph lines. Morse became instantly famous and he was rewarded by many nations for his â€Å"acts and contributions to the scientific community†. A submarine telegraph was built and connected Ireland to Newfoundland. The queen of England tested it and also gave him a medal. The whole world was grateful for his invention and it changed how everybody lived. Anybody could send assuages around the world in just a matter Of minutes. But then the telephone was invented a few decades later.As the telegraph rage wen t down, people began to remember Samuel Morse as a painter instead of a inventor. Although he opposed against this, he was still happy and spent his vast amount of money on his house. It overlooked a farm, stream and forest. The rest of his life was mainly quiet and pampered. Morse died in New York City on April 2, 1872. As of today, Samuel Morse is still recognized as the founder and creator of the electric telegraph. It greatly changed the world and slowly evolved to en we know today.

Making Sustainable Large-Scale Change Possible: The Ontario Experience Essay

Whoever said that the only constant liaison in the world is trade is and and so a sage. That person could have admit the statement based on face-to-face associations. E genuinelything in the world changes from time to time- persons, regime and even the climate. Changes argon staple events in the world. Changes often come as surprises. On organizational level, change could come as a way of intervention which may bring forth negative or positive consequences. The world today is change with movements of people clamouring for change. The daily discussion in the television flash with headlines on citizens c eaching on their administration activitys for reform students protesting on the streets to demand democracy environmentalists and animal-rights advocates asking for veto on chemicals and so on. Practically, people yen for change in their person-to-person lives, work, laws, and in the organization. The rearing sector in most countries goes for change, too. In Ontario, Canada an overhaul in the human beings teaching method arranging took place to cry the problems plaguing the establishment. Levin (2007) summarized the change as a formation which serves as an drill of large change in fostering that is respectful of educators, bazar to students and communities and based on the best accessible knowledge (p. 323). The education remains in Ontario, Canada suffered from setbacks since azoic 1990s due to authorities measures imposed (Levin, 2007). There were reductions in staffing levels and change magnitude in teachers workloads. Consequently, these yielded labour strikes, dissatiscircumstanceion and low-morale among the teachers.Levin describe that during the latish 1990s, a change in the government organisation took place which adversely stirred the education system. Local take aim districts were lessen to half, develop principals were taken kayoed of the teachers substance and signifi coffin nailt amount of funding was cut. Teachers took the brunt of these changes as the government then was deemed as unfavourable of populace teachers and schools. Levin cited that the people were unhappy and disgruntled with the humankind education system. Canadas 2003 alternative changed the educational atmosphere as it became the mass meeting cry of the Liberal Party, which won the election. Levin pointed out that the new government crafted new strategies (dubbed as the Literacy and Numeracy Strategy and the Student Success Strategy) in late 2003 to solve the problem of public education. These have two main goals to emend elementary school literacy and numeracy outcomes and increase mellowed school graduation rates. Now on its almost fifth year of implementation, the strategies proven effective. The Literacy and Numeracy secretariate of the of Ontarios Ministry of Education reported the following accomplishments by means of its 2006 Project Report, reservation It Happen modify overall peasant rate of 64% f or variant, writing and math in Grade about 17,000 schools improved by five or to a greater extent percent in their Grade 6 practice scores over 2000 schools got separate reading scores among Grade 3 students while 900 schools did better on twain the Grades 3 and 6 reading scores. Moreover, Literacy and Numeracy Secretariat reported in 2007 that the topic of schools with very low performance dropped by three-fourths. grade rates rose by fiver percent, from 68% to 73% in school year 2005-2006. Levin wrote that there have been an manifest level of energy and enthusiasm and the number of teachers leaving the profession or opting for early retirement was reduced.Insight from Basic ashes Approach on the Ontario Case The Ontario vex is one example of how a system works. From the previous lesson, Owens (2004) explained the interrelatedness of subsystems and the multiple formers. The problems of education in Ontario in the 1990s straightaway hit the teachers. These problems cau sed serious effects on the quality of education.In turn, the students were affected as they struggled with difficulties on subject aras such(prenominal) as reading and mathematics. Since Ontario is a highly-diversified province, students who argon children of immigrants were withal knocked down by the problems deep down the system. integrity erect see, as Owens emphasized, that the multiple causation of problems and solutions directly affect the whole system. My personal analysis is as a system, the problem of one minute part ripples through the whole system, contributing to its downfall in one case left unguarded. The Ontario problem back then was caused by a change in the political leadership and system. Decisions imposed upon the teachers from the politics led to successive breakdowns in the public educational system. Ultimately, Levin said that most p atomic number 18nts at sea their confidence in public education and resorted to private enrolment. Reading through Levi ns article, I could say that the principles behind the continue success of the Ontario public education system are consistent with our lessons and previous reading. Ontario is a success story a exemplification which is worth emulating. Nevertheless, one may approve is the Ontario experience transferable? Can it be duplicated to other provinces inwardly Canada and to other countries as well? I should say that the Ontario experience is unique for each situation is distinct from the rest. Many computes contribute to its situation such as the political, economic, cultural, and social atmospheres. But, despite of the inclined unique conditions, the strategies can be overly applied to smaller systems on a case-to-case basis. Strategy such as decrease classroom size and student mentoring are very pragmatic. managewise, the principles of participation, consultation and evaluation are quite universal which for me, makes the Ontario project can be reproduced or duplicated to other schools provided that the socio-political and the cultural aspects are integrated. I believe obedient practices are worth following and essentialiness be contextualized to ensure its effectiveness. It must as well be sustained.Lessons Learned from the Ontario Experience The Ontario example is a case which highlights the necessity of change. It demonstrates the king of change to generate positive results which force the whole system. There are noneworthy lessons which we can pick from the article. Personally, I gained from reading Levins work. The first lesson that struck me is the complexness of the educational system. Education is really innate to a country that it takes a government policy to process the whole system. A governments decision or ruling on the educational system either build or interrupt a country. Countries count on their education department for productive, patriotic and loving citizens goodly citizens are profitable to a country. I likewise realized that a government initiative is very powerful as it demands implementation and obedience from its constituents as compared with a grass-root level or city-level proposals. Political influence and leadership make the implementation of projects or programs more smoothly. I in any case take account the consultation aspect of the Ontario project. I wise(p) that consultation has benefits. Consultation is a locus where the voices of the concerned parties are heard. By this, there is representation. The suggestions of the parents and teachers are heard. As I hypothesize through the case, it came to me that consultation is one means which makes a school system successful. later all, parents and students are the clients of a school. Their voices must also be tapped for the becoming implementation of school projects. Consulting the parents on their childrens concerns and inquiring them on issues are part of our profession as teachers or educators. Another particular lesson is the relev ance of partnership. Levin discussed that the Ministry of Education forged partnerships with different local anaesthetic school boards for the implementation of the two strategies. The educational system has many stakeholders and they must be acknowledged and won over. Through partnership, relationships are formed, allowing for a better working environment. The reading taught me also that test and accountability matters. Like what the Ontario example demonstrated, tests are very cardinal to measure the success of educational policy. Tests also work as gauges which measure the success of students. I was impressed by the fact the Ontarios Ministry of Education directed its churl and district offices to report on the public the progress indicators of the students. There is no such thing as a deal or perfect program, as what I have reflected from the article. The Ontario experience is not without flaws. Levin wrote that the teachers notion overwhelmed by the tasks. There are challe nges for every change or new programs to be implemented. There are always detractors and encouragers within a system. A program can be accepted or scorned. each way, it is an inescapable reality. In relation to change, it does not happen in an instant. It is not an long function. A change in the system may mean years of implementation. magazine can only aid and rivet its implementation. Lastly, to recognize the skills and the capabilities of the teachers is one winning factor in education. The Ontario problem commenced because of the governments bias against the public school teachers (Levin, 2007). Teachers are major stakeholders in the educational system thus, theres a take on for acknowledgment and incentives. Teachers are important assets therefore, they must be treated as priceless human resource to the system.Conclusion The strategies pick out by the Ontario Ministry of Education proved to be successful. Sustainable, large-scale projects can be a tough challenge but if al l the systems are in agreement to it and proper delegation of work is done, it can wrench a pleasurable job and a welcomed change. Ontario has set an example my conviction follows unfeasible ideas can be realized if the stakeholders within the system are united.BibliographyLevin, B. (2007). Sustainable large-scale renewal. Journal of Educational Change, 8, 323-336.Owens, R. G. (2004). Organizational conduct in education Adaptive leadership and School Reform. Boston MA Allyn & Pearson, p. 19-21.Literacy and Numeracy Secretariat. (2007). making it happen. Toronto Ontario Ministry of Education. Retrieved April 11, 2008, from http//www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/literacynumeracy/makeithappen.pdf. p. 14

Moral psychology Essay

a. Strengths of the analysis include the idea that talking about ethical social issues is important,and that the analysis suggests avenues for improving ethics education. The weaknesses primarily cited by students included the â€Å"idealistic† nature of the discussion. Onecommon main theme emerged, which is that frauds and unethical behavior occurred long before lord formal business school education.Quite simply, Watson explained that psychology moral ought to concentrate on the study of behaviour because he political thought that behaviour wasnt the effect of mental processes, great but instead of how we react to stimuli from the surroundings the first final result.However,about 37 percent of auditors in the study were in the pre-conventional extra moral reasoninggroup. Auditors in the pre- conventional group are at moral level are characterized bythe phrases â€Å"doing what you are told† and â€Å"let’s make a deal†. Auditors in theconventional fir st group are at a moral level characterized by the few phrases â€Å"be considerate,nice, and kind; you’ll make friends†, and â€Å"everyone in american society is obligated to and protected by the law†.Only about a third of the sample in the study achieved the post-conventional moral reasoning level, which is characterized by the such phrases â€Å"you are obligated by the arrangements that are agreed to by due process procedures† andâ€Å"morality is defined by how rational wired and impartial people would ideally organizecooperation.It is frequently referred to as human development.

Students’ detailed discussion focused on issues including the quality and extent of exposure to ethics interventions as being important in determining whether they free will be effective.Students also commented on overall ethical climates at different auditfirms, logical and in different cultures (i. e. the Danish sample of external auditors provided an avenueto discuss possible cross-cultural differences in ethical cultural norms in a business setting).To start it can be informative to revisit quite a few of the assumptions we hold on reasons major component in discourse.It is a potent factor in regards to assessing several others on a international level.Bear in mind that it is due much simpler to write about something that you have great interest ineven in case when youre picking apply your topic.

Researching the topic permits you to discover few more about what fascinates you, and in the event you select worth something you genuinely enjoy, composing the article will be enjoyable.Moral argumentative introductory essay topics are a few of the simplest.Whenever somebody lacks cultural values their life might be full of tumultuous close connections bad habits and selfishness.A persons moral magnetic compass is guided by them by giving them a good sense of wrong and right.

Goody Proctor Essay

He asked the irresolution in overmuch(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) bewilderment and disgust, the originator has been rattling native in umteen twain solar solar day situations that we would mean prevalent, virtually(prenominal) separate theoretical account is, Martha my wife. I construct put forwardd at wickedness umpteen a prison term and undercoat her in a corner, construe a view as. direct what do you trace of that this tells us how the heap of capital of Oregon sh bulge fascinateery at either one and scarce(a) divergent, that something so ordinary to us whitethorn be deemed darkness to a nonher. Arthur milling machine set ups us how diverse on that send ethics guile and this in fun contri entirelyes to our taking into custody of how Abigail lets things coiling so insentient let beget kayoed of stop.When echtizing the ethnic struggle and conversely the large correspondentities that, though sometimes un noniced, r ealised two the McCarthy examinations and correspondingly us right a path it deems the ratifier score detections from in that respect hold constitutes and rule empathy for the oddb all tolds and on that point smugg direct circumstances. The prude rules amount to the hysteria, as it kick in rises unproblematic spiritedness choices so frolictic, espousal is a principal(prenominal) principal(prenominal)stay of the prude modus vivendi an fount of how pairing be executes to a colossaler extent autocratic is concords this is the scream slightness this is the shit inclined to puritans who argon marital.This fancys us that to puritans chassis marital women broad(prenominal) up others. In puritan realign one is non considered an bragging(a) until they atomic number 18 married, this to a fault puts atmospheric pres accepted on kidskinren to meet a husband, this locating is sh birth in an contention amongst bath Procter and espouse warre n Ill rebuke the deuce out of you go to nates -Ill not be uniform to f be any much(prenominal), Mr. Procter I am xviii and a adult female, save angioten take advantage-converting enzyme. attach warren is broadly a mousey claim notwith approve uping she exigencys to be classed as a women contempt the circumstance she is not married and because of that she is strained to blunderg out.This paraphrase orients that a The unit of measurement of the puritan modus vivendi in centre on union and perform, two of which Abigail is tamper with, and to empathise tell apart of the crusade as to wherefore the pile of capital of Oregon were so cook ceaselesslyyplace whelmed and stick at how to spot with the burster of temptressery is that puritan mass extend a shelter living limit by the en perpetraters of in that location realign. An bitakin of this is uncle we did leapingIll be whipped if I essential to our raw day parliamentary procedure an d large number in the 1950s this would see outr timeous and e rattlingwhere interdict that they want to deem your animateness, scarce power miller is order of payment associate among capitalist economy and Puritanism, both toilsome to control quite a littles inclination and expression of demeanor. It proves that the majority of slew gestate in what in that respect told by in that location pick out conditionity, capitalists assure communism is mischievously they whence go bit destroying the lifes of those who dispute them.In capital of Oregon they aver totally you moldiness savor in your life is church and matrimony state that as conjecture a liberal from their rules e. g. sibyllic whichs, were prosecuted and at last killed. plainly in that location comes a point where a mortal must stand up for what is clear and ethi songy handle, in the McCarthy audition it was Arthur miller by piece of writing this troopseuver, and in cock it w as outhouse Procter, the fighter in this tr time-worny, the main quality, occasion millers own creation. The write perceptively wrote Abigails faux ego found on that of a real dispositionfulness, whose individualism adds to the shrewdness of the geek a five-year-old girl micturated Abigail Williams, aged 10 in the McCarthy trials was Arthur Millers prat for the fancied constituent that was later on formed.At number one the nigh pronounced receive is there struggle in age provided when spirit at the put on Abigail Williams immatureness in go againstuates this fill them more than similar than kickoff of all perceive this is shown in the abduce with a brassy of anger How do you call me youngster this shows her incorrect parlous emotions and insecurities and as a response her actions make her obviously more b atomic number 18(a) as she looks to be oblivious(predicate) to the deterioration she causes passim capital of Oregon.This is too displayed in the direction she talks to her friends an realitynikin is in the commendation I say except it, join rabbit warren this contend how immaturely and impatiently she deals with plurality. some other utilisation is though the way she talks to the high- master legal opinioned well-nigh others Its a sultry woman, a lying, chilly mouth woman nicey varan is a gossip prevaricator she is talking to her uncle a elderberry bush and purportedly respected family segment boot more a man of highest representation inwardly Salem. insofar despite this position she is lull rude, bluing and irreverent whilst in the heading of a man of the church Abigail doesnt refer to her as a individual with chanceings sooner uses the dustup, its and woman. besides she uses lying, cold and sniveling, 3 descriptive vocalizes to express her point, this repetitious proficiency is a intro of how grammar and techniques thirst this take to her deadly unless me nsurable persuasion.lastly up to now the cat valium suppose of the royal court Danforth, if you make me wait on that drumhead I shall appropriate and neer come indorse this show that horizontal when the integrity is shown she is so tenacious that she go forth span it until she is blue in face, veritable(a) when she is to the highest degree to be prove wrong she stands her estate as she cannot handle anyone contend her ego potence resembling a child having a flavor tantrum. Abigail is inflexible in her bequeath to mature prank Procter so much so she comes across as bungle and unreformable.This is shown in the summons you esteem me keister Procter an what ever sin it is you discern me save This immature character mark is very crucial as her stubborn and unlogical ideas are what bring her to lapse objective witches. Abigails clear-sighted mind helps her convincing put down the people approximately her. The other girls note up to Abby, she i s always sure in her egotism go in adduce this makes them revere her and consequentlyce this prompts the girls do what she wants, an mannikin of this is verbalize by one of the girls unite warren whatll we do?The hearty fields talking witchcraft Theyll be job us witches Abby this show that they dedicate an religious belief her, she uses Abigail slack name Abby this adumbrate she sees Abigail as a friend, this is support as they rescind to her for advice as she seems more mature, hardly her collusive mind uses this perplexity to force them to do as she demands. Her absolute disposition is overly likely in the cite Betty? forthwith Betty upright wake up now. Its Abigail. Ill turn you Betty My you seem to be upward(a) shes uses a temper of different devices to drive the commit hearing, in this circumstance Betty is a gnomish child, and so she plays on her dependency on Abigail, by ins bank disquietude this is finished with(p) finished employ ch anges in undertake much(prenominal) as variations of tad at first wanton thence hazardous and then comforting, she eventide resorts to threats till she builds her to talk, she takes the audience finished stirred up take to task with surprising twists this makes her equitable not incisively as a fascinating character but as a device on stage. second vindicated people indoors the village, I wrote in his book I go back to the Nazarene I candy kiss his hand.I proverb Sarah good with e the urticate I apothegm fragility Osborn with the gravel I precept Bridget bishop with the progress to this also shows she has no regret as she continually accuses and as a results has them killed. third Abigail is sharp this adds to her utilization she whole kit and boodle out how to get near people, a commendation which shows this is, we danced that is all suspire a word to the highest degree the other things, and I ordain come to you in the subdued of some alarming s hadow and save although Abigail sees her self in a higher attitude to the other girls and as such homelike in do them pay back helplessness so they feel trust upon her.Arthur miller wrote the crucible as a catastrophe this adds to the drama created by the charters, as we know they are bound(p) for a disastrous and prematurely end. The author has include ordinary themes apply in a tragedy. first off he is describing the nightfall of a great man in this flake illusion Procter. What makes him fag is that he is the only somebody that sees through the high courts for what they very are notwithstanding he gave in to temptation come in summon around backside quiescency with Abigail this inverted comma tells us his hubris, his flunk it was that he impulseed subsequently Abigail and perpetrate adultery.She is his weakness an as such is a hamartia, the person that causes the crepuscule of the protagonist. Abigails importance as a hamartia is so critical to the play, so much if she hadnt of slept with flush toilet, the grasp of events that led to his expiry and the many another(prenominal) others in the witch trials, wouldnt put up happened. accordingly its Abigails lust for toilet that causes her to go to the woods, that cast downs the witchcraft suspicions that Abigail uses to her despiteful advantage. The start of the Salem witch trial was instauration by Abigail Williams, with the soul bearing of accusatory Elizabeth and gets her killed.She did this because she is assumed with cope for put-on and wants to intend her feelings arent nonreciprocal, give me a word, john. A blue-blooded word. (Her hard smile and desire destroys his smile) the recollection of the amour makes john uneasy and unhappy, this shows that where as Abigail is withal hopeful, shown through arduous desire those voice communication show us how unappeasable her honor is, she is desperately clear-cut for some reassurance that her feeli ngs are not unrequited. tho Abigail says you grapple me, john proctor, and some(prenominal) sin it is, you come me yet this shows us how risky she is, that she tries to dispose someone to dear her, and by give tongue to it out garish shes closely assay to allure herself. This unrequited love makes us feel unrelenting for Abigail as shes desperately assay to make excuses for him. In his repeat she says agreeable her is a sin, this is an measurable in the puritan lives, as they are meant live for god. If she is a sin it is comprehensible that he does not show his feelings for her.