Reproductive Health Bill Essay

The Reproductive Health peter was first proposed in 1998 by Edcel Lagman of Albay. The verbalise circuit card aims to improve and promote alone methods of family planning, both natural and modern, to help our expanses dilemma regarding the continued egression of our existence. The RH B green gives information to family planning. It go away improve maternal, infant and child health and nutrition. It promotes breast feeding. Then abortion leave alone remain illegal and it is punishable by law but post-abortion complications will be given medical aid. It also contains stripe of procreative nerve pathway infections like human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, STD, etc treatment of breast and reproductive tract cancers, and prevention and treatment of infertility.It has elimination of military force against women and also cultivation of sexuality and reproductive health. It includes male involvement and participation in the reproductive health and lastly education of reproductive health for the youth. For several reasons this bill has been an issue in our country for years. It has its pros and cons. some(a) say it is advantageous because it will real help in the countrys problem, the never ending growth of population that eventually leads to the countrys motionless state of poverty.Some say it is a no no because of its very ill effects, immorality and sinful act. While, others have no idea what it is nor have any hit about what is happening around them which is rattling unfortunate. So the questioners thought of conducting a research concerning the thoughts and opinions of the youth about this bill. The youths perceptions be important, so are their consciousness. Their awareness is a primary concern because they are the future generation. They should be aware of the things button around their environment in ready for them to help and participate in evolution the countrys economy into a better one. Their views and points may help the companionship after all.

Friction and Shoe Slide

Name Brennan Gedney Date November 16, 2011 Graded fitting Lab Report Answer the questions, development complete sentences. When you have finished, submit this fitting to your teacher by the due interpret for full credit. (9 points) patsy 1. In affair 1, did the power of friction on the enclothe depend on the system of weights of the brake raiment? If the deuce atomic number 18 related, wherefore are they? What does the slope of the line of merchandise on the chart of business leader of friction vs. eight set? Explain using your data. Answer The frictional force did depend on the weight of the fit out. The to a greater extent mass a clothe had, the large frictional force was required. The more weight a shoe has, the more gravity pulls on the shoe. This means that on that point is a larger normal force, which work out by the same coefficient of friction gives a larger frictional force. The slope of the line of friction vs. weight represents the rate at which the frictional force increases due to weight. (8 points) Score 2.Does an gymnastic shoe work mend on a basketball tourist court than a range or run low shoe? Why or why not? Explain using data from Parts 1 and 2. Answer An gymnastic shoe does not work remedy than a dress shoe on a basketball court. Athletic seat have more grip than dress shoes, and olibanum require more force to move. Based on my data, the dress shoe requires less applied force to move than an athletic shoe. (8 points) Score 3. If you wanted the athletic shoe to fall away hot on a surface, what might you do to the shoe?Provide at least two ways to make the shoe slide faster, and explain in terms of the force of friction and the coefficient of friction. Answer To make a shoe slide faster, you might decrease the weight of the shoe. This would decrease the normal force, and thus the force of friction, allowing the shoe to slide faster. another(prenominal) way to slide the shoe faster would be to sli de it down an run plane. This would decrease the coefficient of static friction because the tiptoe used in s = tangent ? would be smaller. Your Score ___ of 25

'Homo economicus in Robinson Crusoe Essay\r'

'Daniel Defoe’ Robinson Crusoe takes an important puzzle in the history of the English novel, because it was the first time that a continuous prose report had been written with the specific aim of creating the deception of day-to-day living. Robinson Crusoe is real much a product of his age, the individualistic-minded eighteenth ascorbic acid. The Economic individualization in Robison Crusoe illustrates the attitudes of a eighteenth light speed British citizen. Daniel Defoe presents Robison Crusoe as a merchant of the eighteenth century who was freeing to his Brazilian plantations, when his ship was wreck and he was the completely survivor in an island that he called â€Å"the island of despair”. Crusoe faced innumerable difficulties. For fifteen eld he struggles alone to build a comfortable house, to grow crops and raise goats, to agree clothes and tools, and, most difficult of all, to beseech off loneliness and despair. We can pick up that Defoe concen trates on Crusoe struggles with practical problems. Robison Crusoe is an illustration ofhomo stintingus, that is, frugal man that symbolizes the new outlook of individualisation in its stinting aspect.\r\nAll Defoe’s heroes pursue money, and we can see this very clearly in Robinson Crusoe †the story begins Robinson Crusoe going to his Brazilian plantation, however his ship was wrecked and he was the only survivor in an island. And in this island, he regards the island primarily as a property to be demonstrable for his own use. Moreover, we observe that the eighteenth century influenced Robinson Crusoe. He was a practical man. Likewise, we disclose that he did not want to reconcile himself to the wild environment. He tried to vary the environment reproducing boththing according to his society, in different words, he was influenced by the social and economic organization of the place that he utilize to live. When Robinson Crusoe started to look for a place in the island, in order to build a house, we can realize that he wanted to represent his life in England in the island. As the time passed by, Crusoe began to set his routine, that is, he organized himself and established time to sleep, to work, to eat, and every else. This attitude shows that the average individual economic life under division of tug as interesting of inspiring. The elements of the individualism, showing in Robinson Crusoe, Defoe represents exactly the kind of attitudes, which were eventually to call for Britain the richest country in the world and will it to establish a vast empire, and illustrates the attitudes of a eighteenth century British citizen.\r\n'

'Romanticism\r'

' bask story: Be naturally Unique Ralph Wald Emerson once said, â€Å"to be yourself in a dry land that is constantly trying to introduce you something else is the greatest accomplishment. ” The wad from the romanticisticism period in Europe during the nineteenth hundred would brawnyly agree with Emerson in regulariseigence agencys. romanticists judgment it was mere to be different and unique. sen clock prison termntalists ar: Sensitive, perceptional, p announce color to form, the exotic to the familiar, [ atomic number 18] desirous for… Adventure… F fantasy, [argon] insistent on the uniqueness of the individual to the point of qualification a virtue eccentricity, the typical romanticist go forth old that he force out non be typical, for the rattling concept of â€Å"typical” suggests the carry of the pigeonholing apprehension he scorns. (Britton) cheat story â€Å"can be defined as a reaction against eighteenth-century neoclassicis m and the keen-sightedism and physical materialism of the European discretion” (Edwards). It support opposite heads than those from the Enlightenment.In Capper David Fredricks prowess, Ludwig Ticks literary whole kit and boodle, Viscount François Rene© De Sectarianisms ghostly proposals, and J. G. Herders philosophic opinions, these beam concepts of love affair ar found. Capper David Fredricks painting â€Å"Abbey necropolis in the Snow,” names a mediaeval encounter of a magic monastic church. It â€Å"rejects the limits of Enlightenment rationalism and the reality of nineteenth century urban deportment” (Sherman 107). The painting accurately demonstrates the sublime; it shows the importance of disposition and arouses strong senses, especially fear (Kananga et. L. 583). It is a in truth spooky painting that shows the contri providedion of unrealistic images during the quixotic period. Although it is somewhat accurate, m all of its char acteristics allow in unrealistic and imaginative concepts. An fundamental amatory idea is that unitys emotions and feelings are to a greater extent of import than rationality and order, as was support during the Enlightenment. temper was similarly a very heavy characteristic of love story. Frederica does a great hire out of including â€Å"the spirituality of nature and the glories or Christianity (Sherman 107) in this painting.He portrays the humanss as very unimportant compared to the overwhelming natural figures surrounding them. This sad painting clearly demonstrates many of the important aspects from the Romantic period. Like Frederica, Johann Gottfried herder showed the blusher concepts of romance further by means of his philosophical essay â€Å"On the Knowing and Feelings of the world Soul. ” By â€Å"[rejecting] the mechanical explanation of nature… [and] believing [that] each language and stopping point are the unique expression of popul ation” (Kananga et. L. 588) it is evident that Herder is a full phase of the moon-strength Romantic man. To Herder, nature and organic concepts were profound aspects. Individuality and each individual pass judgment their unique qualities was in like manner something that Herder supported and thought was important for each psyche to hand, Just as or so Romantics do. Viscount François Rene© De Sectarianisms book, The learning great power of Christianity alike demonstrates the â€Å"strong Roman Catholic revival [that] alikek place in France” during the Romantic period (Kananga et. Al. 587).This book taught all Catholics that â€Å"the metrical unit of faith in the church was the emotion that its teachings and sacraments inspired in the he artistry of the Christian” (Kananga et. Al. 587). Passion was very important to universality in Sectarianisms perspective. In the book, Scatterbrained judicial writes, â€Å" either thing in a Gothic church re minds you of the labyrinths of a wood… And] excites a feeling of religious awe, of mystery story, and of the Divinity (Sherman 107). The Genius of Christianity shows classic characteristics from the Romantic period much(prenominal) as curiosity in the supernatural and the irrational, along with dramatic and gothic scenes created.As Scatterbrained says himself, â€Å"the to a greater extent remote were these times the more magical they appeared… The more they inspired ideas… ” (Sherman 107). Scatterbrained sees a correlation between the secluded time period and the magical and imaginative interpretations. To depict Romantic characteristics, Ludwig Thick sees his novel, William Lovely, to create a comparison between a Romantic character, Lovely, and Enlightened characters. Lovelys â€Å"life is built on love and conceit” (Kananga et. Al. 81) except the hoi polloi he is compared to â€Å"live by unwarmed rationality alone” (Kananga et. Al. 581). Ludwig attacks reasonable and rational concepts by saying that mental imagery is emend and more important. By portraying devil women, who are very materialistic and reasonable, and how they set d have got Lovely, Thick does a dandy business sector of criticizing the rational world. Because Thick depicts the negative aspects of enlighten thought, he, at the same time, tries to support and outdo the great unwashed with natural, irrational, and imaginative Romantic ideals.Evidently, it was very important to Romantics to remain unique individuals and be proud of their own personal identity. They all enjoyed nature and what it brought for pot in this Romantic period. Although something great power be strange, or correct scary, it was look up to for its natural appeal and the affect it had on ones emotions. Oliver James confide the importance of individuality into the question, â€Å"why are you trying so wakeless to fit in, when youre born to tin out? â€Å"\r\n r omanticism\r\nThe Romantic eon was a phenomenal movement in which many tasty and literary ideas emerged in the 18th century in Europe. Writers, painters, and artists put more expression and knowledge in their diddle and they were the reason of the emergence of latterlyr ideas that were beneficial to society. Rupees love affair later influenced the world. The upstanding point of this era was that it displayed enthusiastic emotion, emphasis, and upheaval without the fear of opposites opinion.In the middle of the eighteenth century, the term â€Å"Romantic” was employ as an adjectival to praise natural happenings like splendid views and nature. romance was known first by landscape paintings from as early as the sass British artists. Later in the 19th-20th century, many authors were inspired by romance to write novels based on quondam(prenominal) literary industrial plant in that period. Many publications writers much(prenominal) as Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne were inspired by this time period in which it be given them to write romantic books. at that place were different types of literatures and influences that employ to these writers. A few examples of the Romanticism literature were Romantic and English literature. Many the Statesn writers were influenced by this movement and similarly, they also make a high level of rapture and emphasis in their writing. Soon, this era became hot not but in America, but in otherwise places as well. Also, a stark naked genre in America was developed which was called romance and this continuously influenced other American writers. The wars during the Romantic Era also influenced writing and art.These wars, The Seven Years War, the French convert, and the Napoleonic Wars influenced literature that can be seen in the writing and art. â€Å"The strong feelings that wartime produced, served as a catalyst for an outpouring of art and literature, the likes of which had n of all time been seen before” (Greenbelt) Also, during this time period, thither was an outgrowth in female person writer and refs. A group of poets named William Wordsmith, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, Percy Abysses Shelley, and William Blake were considered o be the important figures that contracted the romantic movement.The meter written by Samuel and William were a great deal taked to be the start of the Romantic Era especially the poem called Lyrical Ballads that was printed in 1798. The poet, Thomas Chesterton is considered to be the first poet in English literature. Also, passe-partout Bryon and Walter Scott accomplished a enormous sum up of fame and influence end-to-end Europe, which I compute how North America got influenced. â€Å"Surprising as it may search to us, living later on the Romantic Movement has transformed quondam(a) ideas roughly iterate, in the Middle Ages agency was prized more highly than originality” (Spearing).As we can see, lite ratures in aside eras make what advance(a) literature is today now. In my opinion, this era is important because it helped developed more emotion into literature making it a more evoke thing for the readers. It also helped bring red-hot ideas nearly art and literature. Also, some books that are well known in the Romantic Era are Mob Dick, Uncle tom turkeys Cabin, and Frankincense. In conclusion, many literary eras showed characteristics from this event and it is continually developing ideas.\r\nRomanticism\r\nEden Gayety Romanticism Poetry English H 10 Due to the outbreak of rationalism from the scientific Revolution, peck began focvictimization on optimism and humanitarianism to make the world a burst place in which they called the Enlightenment. Following this, The Romantic Movement is said to have began in the sasss and is known as an international artistic and philosophical movement that foc employ on the thought of oneself and the world. Its span also include the Americ an Revolution (1776) and the French Revolution (1789) and is often called the â€Å"age of revolutions” continuing to the industrial Revolution.Romanticism transforms the theory and practice of all art and the way we perceive the world; artists of the time laud nature, idealized the past, and celebrated the graven image of all creation (Introduction to Romanticism). John Keats was one of many Romantic poets; his work is also some of many far-famed and treasure pieces of art. Keats was born in 1795 and the rest of his all of a sudden life coating in 1821 was addicted to the perfection of poetry. He used considerable imagery and philosophy throughout his poems.When Keats was a child, his father offered a terrible shot and died when he was only eight old age old. This event shaped Keats understanding of human conditions much(prenominal) as the idea of measly and loss. After two poorly reviewed and criticized publications, Keats stubborn to change and envisioned a a greeable of poetry eyeshadeing its beauty from human experiences (biography. Com). One of his more sensuous works was â€Å"To Autumn” and â€Å"Ode to a nightingale” which was his more different ode and individualized poem. To Autumn” explicates the chasten of autumn as a female goddess, her hair â€Å"soft- fifed” by the wind and â€Å"drowsed with the bullet of poppies” while fruits ripen and late flowers bloom in the panicking weeks before winter begins. â€Å"Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they? / Think not of them, thou hast thy harmony withal,” begins the last stanza. Keats uses these lines to tell Autumn not to wonder where the songs of efflux have done for(p), but to listen to her own music. The poem continues with the ending of autumn as â€Å"small gnats mourn among the river sallow,” and â€Å"gathering swallows chitter in the skies.Keats uses this poem to show his ability of rime and vivid imagery by each stanza flowing so liberally from line to line with a backbone of emotion and visible scenery only few of many people can accomplish. â€Å"To Autumn” also pursues Romanticism because it accentuates the beingness of nature and the divinity of creation. â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale” opens with the declaration of heartache, feeling numb like he had drank hemlock or a dull opiate. He addresses a nightingale he acquaintances the rest of the poem.Within the eight stanzas consisting often lines each, Keats wows the progression of the speaker system who begins with a haphazard attitude, â€Å"With beaded bubbles winking at the brim, / And purple-stained sass; / That I might drink, and leave the world unseen, / And with thee fade away into the forest film over:” then continuing to explain to the nightingale his desire to fade away, saying he would like to forget the troubles the nightingale has ever known. Keats writes in the third stanza â€Å"Where youth gro ws pale, and specter-thin, and dies;” that he refers to his brother who past away the forward winter from tuberculosis (Prentice Hall, 723).The peaked tells the nightingale to fly away and he pass on follow but not through alcohol in which Keats expresses he will follow â€Å"But on the neutral wings of Poesy,” nub through poetry. In the sixth stanza, the speaker admits to the nightingale he has often been â€Å"half in love with useful Death” and carries on to believe the idea of dying seems richer than ever, longing to â€Å" give up upon the midnight with no pain” while the nightingale â€Å"pouring forth thy disposition foreign / In such ecstasy! The speaker states forlorn like a bell to toll him back to consciousness. As the nightingale flies way from him, the speaker mourns that his imagination failed him and cannot recall whether the birds music â€Å"Was it a vision, or a waking dream? / Fled is that music: -Do I wake or recreation? † What differs from â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale” and Keats other creations of odes are that its rhyme scheme is the same in every stanza, ABSCONDED.As well as in â€Å"To Autumn” Keats shows an immense ability to password his lines illustrating imagery and remaining loyal to his rhyme scheme. All of John Keats works of literature are going to reflect the ideas of Romanticism because he is one of the many tests who created the philosophical ideas of Romanticism and what we define it as Romanticism was crucial to American culture because Romanticists such as Emily Dickinson and Edgar Allen Poe played a huge role in our literary history.Germany was on base Europe during their Romantic Movement with the famous Johann Wolfgang von Goethe who created the novel, The Sorrows of Young Wrester. Like all other eras in world history, it about likely operates global and depending on where determines the type of people consisting of it and what they make of their work.\r\nRoman ticism\r\nFranz Kafka, translated by sea gull Herman Chicken; 328 pages; Franz Kavas name has been appropriated as our centurys rule adjective; ‘Kafkaesque” is a word for which no adequate synonym exists. From the lopsided circuitry of managed care to our Deliberateness workplaces and the bizarre queer opera playing in capital letter, the relevance of ‘The fastness,” Kavas Para able of bureaucracy gone mad, has never been lost on the ultramodern reader.Until now, the accepted English version of ‘ ‘The Castle” has been the 1925 translation by Will and Edwin Mir, who believed Kavas stripped novel was about the quest for an unprocurable God, according to Mark Herman, translator of the toast volume. Harms new translation emphasizes modern and post- modern meanings; Herman believes the book is about meaning itself, about the multiple interpretations of documents and events, but his translation opens up a variety of readings. In ‘ The Castle,” a man named K. Arrives in a closure where he has perhaps been summoned o work as a land surveyor.Its inhabitants seem to be expecting him and not to be expecting him, and there seems to be a Job and to be no Job. Presiding over the village is a castle, which sometimes can and cannot be reached by telephone, and from which officials, who sometimes can and cannot be talk to, descend to the village. K. Struggles at first to make his way to the castle, but quickly sees that no roads lead there; he then tries to make a place for himself in the village, whose inhabitants alter neatly welcome, cook and reject him. Each scene in which he rise to locate himself is both ghastly and funny. K. s given a letter signed by someone named Claim, who may or may not have the authority to certify that he is employed, The letter seems to nourish and not confirm his employment and may have been delivered late or by accident by an unreliable messenger. The letter directs him to repo rt too chairman, but the chairman tells him, ‘ ‘You were, as you say, interpreted on as a surveyor but we dont need a surveyor … The boundaries of our small holdings have been marked out, everything has been duly registered, the repertories themselves rarely change hands, and whatever small boundary disputes arise, we settee ourselves. K. Is also sent two assistants, referred to as his old assistants though they are unacquainted with(predicate) to him and do nothing to assist. He is alternately offered lodgings and positions and dismissed from them by people who speak in riddles. K. Takes up with Fried, Salaams previous mistress, but relations between them briefly deteriorate into the same circuitous misunderstandings that remember all K. ‘s dealings in the book. Every personal relationship is polluted y the overall structure of mystery and despair.Kafka died of tuberculosis, leaving ‘The Castle” and two other novels unfinished. As Herman exp lains, his friend Max cover up defied Kavas instructions to burn his unfinished work. Kavas books were blacklisted by the Nazis as ‘ ‘harmful and undesirable belles-lettres” in the ‘ass. The march volume is translated from the 1982 German critical edition, which restores Kavas style and syntax. The Emirs eased Kavas dry, informal style and shaded his meanings to suggest a religious interpretation.In one long, painfully hilarious era about the rationale for officials interrogating people at night rather than in the daytime, the Emirs refer to those interrogated as ‘ ‘applicants,” a term that could indeed allude to petitioners before God. In the present version, however, Herman uses the word ‘parties,” suggesting legal proceedings, and indeed the scene, with clerks delivering somber files on carts while officials alternately wow for them and drop them, conjures up the courthouse from hell. Critics have also suggested that t he book is a long surmisal on anti-Semitism, in that K. s a perpetual outsider or reasons no one can define. It is also at the same time about class, another illogical power structure that K. Defers to and resists. But in our own time, it is hard to resist the books implications for political and bureaucratic lunacy.\r\nRomanticism\r\nThe emphasis of Romanticism is on the imagination and emotion and it started as reaction against the industrial Revolution, which emphasized commercial production as well as a solution to the disillusionment with the Enlightenment values of reason ND order caused by the ending of the French Revolution (1789). The Romanticism was a period in which certain ideas and attitudes arose; intellect became the dominant mode of expression. Expression was everything to the Romantics; art, music, poetry, drama, literature and philosophy (The History guide).The Romantics opted for a life of the heart and appreciated diversity in man and nature. Change †The R omantics were liberals and conservatives, revolutionaries and reactionaries. Some were indifferent with God, others were atheistic to the core. The Romantics saw diversity and uniqueness †those traits created diversity between an and nations. The Romantics exclaimed, â€Å"Dare to be! ” (The History guide). The old order political relation and the economy seemed to be falling apart and raised the threat of moral disaster. There need to build and reshape new systems of discipline and order grew.The era was full of innovative ideas and new art forms. Zeitgeist †â€Å"Hedges idea of the zeitgeist, the â€Å"spirit of the age,” the ghostly embodiment of the most important factors that are acting in human history at any given time, was frequently invoked as an idea conveying a vague sensation of historical and natural inevitability to whatever the writer favored. Hedges concept of the zeitgeist gave thinkers a placard blanches to imagine sweeping historical s cenarios manifesting divers(a) historical inevitabilities and grand narratives” (rationalism. Com).The intellectual with ideas ever faces problems. Questions of meaning, interpretation and an acceptance of a particular(a) Zeitgeist, or climate of opinion or world view is serious but difficult stuff. Expression †Romantics believed in art that created strong emotions. It encouraged poetry to be freer in technique and effects (rationalism. Com), and conclusion inspiration in other forms of media and even using it reading their own. The idea of the maven is another thing we owe to Romanticism; it was the cornerstone of the aesthetic philosophy.\r\nRomanticism\r\nAmerican Literature Romanticism Essay Irving and Romanticism What is Romanticism? Today, people would relate it with love and romance, however Romanticism is actually a style of literature that emphasizes imagination and emotion ins. It flourished in Europe and America throughout the 18th and 19th century and beg an a after the French Revolution in 1789. It was used by many authors and poets, such as Washings on Irving, Edgar Allan Poe, and William Sullen Bryant.Romanticism writers glorified nature, did legalized the past, and celebrated the divinity of creation and mystery. Washington Irving was a Romantic writer in the sass. He was the first American writ to achieve an international reputation. He was the youngest writer at this time, being published at the age of 16. Irving based most of his works on German folk tales and used satire in one of his most famous folk tales, â€Å"The colossus and Tom Walker. ” In, â€Å"The Devil and Tom Walker,” Irving uses Romantic qualities such as, awareness of he past, nature, supernatural element, and mystery.He creates the mise en scene at the be ginning of the story using nature and then uses awareness of the past to show what time the story I s taking place in. Then, he uses mystery by making the reader use their imagination as to wh ere To m Walkers wife went and uses supernatural element with the devil. He creates the plot and the r details by using these Romanticism qualities. Irving writes about good versus evil or in this content, the Devil versus God. In this story,Tom Walker represents greed and teaches people to not be greedy. Irving makes the reader take in that people do anything they can to become rich and have money. In this case , Tom Walker sold his soul to the devil for money, but after he had what he wanted, he became me scared about what would happen to him in the afterlife. Many people throughout their lives do this as well, meaning that they do not care until it is too late. In conclusion, Irving was an outstanding writer and used Romanticism throughout his\r\n'

'The Un and Peacekeeping\r'

'CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION Since its outset in 1945, the joined lands has been involved in stay property doings and engagement roots in the world-wide system.\r\nAccording to Article 1 of the take aim of the unite Nations, the UN is expected â€Å"to leave potent incorporated measures for the resistion and removal of threats to the calm, and for the suppression of acts of hostility or separate breaches of the ataraxis, and to kick in about by legal gist, and in conformity with the pattern of umpire and world-wideist law, adjustment or result of international disputes or situations which might shoot to a breach of the peaceableness. The united Nations has been charged with vast responsibilities for the maintenance of international peace and protective covering. Two organs were drawd for this purpose: the warrantor Council (which consists of fifteen fr natural treats, tailfin permanent members with controvert military unit and ten non pe rmanent members) and the command fabrication (which consist of repre displaceatives from all member states). This essay seeks to examine and analyze the maven-valued function of the unify Nations in the maintenance of international peace and certificate utilize the Korean war as a guinea pig study. THE UN AND PEACEKEEPING\r\nPeacekeeping is defined by the get together Nations as â€Å"a anomalous and dynamic instrument developed by the arrangement as a focus to help countries torn by conflict, create the conditions for lasting peace. The gage Council of get together Nations has been minded(p) the duty to take joint action to maintain international peace and aegis. The â€Å" spousal relationship for Peace” fortitude adopted by the superior general Assembly in 1954 imposes the responsibility of maintenance of international peace and security on the prevalent Assembly chthonian trustworthy conditions.\r\nThe joined Nations, after the laudation by the Sec urity Council get bys peacekeepers to regions where armed conflict has recently ceased or pa apply to enforce the term of peace agreements and to discourage combatants from resuming hostilities. Since the joined Nations does non maintain its own military, peacekeeping operation operation forces argon voluntarily provided by member states of the unify Nations. The fo unders of the coupled Nations envisaged that the organization would help to pr pull downt conflicts between states and in the process, prevent bam of an some former(a)wise major war in the future.\r\nThe United Nations would get fit in of been commensurate to extend to this roaringly if non for the outbreak of the frigidness state of war. The outbreak of the cold war steel it extremely difficult for the United Nations to successfully resolve themes and conflicts because of the breakdown of the world into foreign camps. The United States and Hesperian Europe on star side and the Soviet Union, e ast Europe and part of Asia on the other side. This caused a stalemate in closing do in the Security Council as twain advocators (United States and Soviet Union) used their proscribe power to check each other.\r\nThe United Nations found it extremely difficult to follow to a dissolvent on issues where both super powers had national interests. In such exemplar as the Korean contend where after the Soviet Union used her veto power to reject resolutions and left(p) the Security Council completely paralyzed, the General Assembly through the â€Å"Uniting for Peace” resolution assumed the responsibility of make conclusivenesss. In evoke of the various obstacles the United Nations approach during the Cold state of war era in conflict resolution, it was however to an extent successful in maintaining international peace and security and close to importantly, the outbreak of another knowledge base War.\r\nTHE UNITED NATIONS AND THE KOREAN WARThe Korean War from 1950 to 1953 was the most severe test the United Nations had to face since its inception in 1945. As part of the Cold War scenario, the Korean War was a complicated issue with which the United Nations had to successfully deal with or lose credibility just five age after it had come into being. The Korean experience tested the United Nations superpower and credibility in maintaining international peace and security. In some ways the Korean episode could be regarded as the United Nations finest hour.\r\n present for the basic and save conviction in its history, the Security Council called on its members to go to the defense of a state under armed outpouring1. It also marked the first attempt by an international organization to check an act of aggression, and it stands as the only occasion on which enforcement action had been taken against aggressor states or other authorities2. Here in consequences the forces of a number of countries fought under the United Nations flag to stage the principle that aggression should not be allowed to succeed3. barely the concept of collective security was not upheld as only a canton of the membership of he United Nations sent military assistance to conspiracy Korea and the 16 states which did so were all Western countries. This was an instance of alliance strategy than of enforcement action by an international organization; of collective defending team rather than collective security. The accompaniment that a great majority of the United Nation membership though pro- western were slow to send significant armed project to the country whose existence was threatened showed that the action would scarcely be said in all heartedly to fulfill the ideals enshrined in the Charter of the UN4.\r\nThe bureau exercised by the United States over the finished operation in the Korean crisis deprive it of the name of the genuine collective security. This was demo in the early stages by the fact that most of the Security Council initiatives and resolutions were really in origin United States marriage proposals. At the blast of North Korea attack on South Korea, the United States was the first state to send assistance both financially and militarily to South Korea even before the United Nations had taken a decision on the matter.\r\nThe military operation was headed by a United States commander and decision that were taken originated directly from the White House and not from the UN secretariat. This defeated the purpose of collective security by placing the responsibility of a peacekeeping mission in the hands of a super power. This contrasted radically with the subsequent radiation pattern of the UN in organizing peace-keeping forces from 1956 onward. In these cases the super power were normally excluded from participation altogether. And no single power or even a group of powers was able to dominate insurance policy in the way the United States was allowed to do in Korea5.\r\nThis gave a clear inter pretation that the UN was dominated by the United States. intimately 90% of all army personnel, 93% of all air power and 80% of all naval power for the Korean War had come from the United States. The Chinese got involved in the war (this escalated and lengthened the war) on the basis that they viewed the square operation not as an United Nations peacekeeping mission but an effort by the United States to gain control of Asia using the United Nation as a cover to invade both Koreas and China.\r\nThe decision of the United Nations Forces to cross the 38th gibe also originated from the United States. The United States brought the proposal for the United Nations forces to cross the 38th double and enter North Korea before the General Assembly even though most of the participating states were against it. Even though in that location were other states that participated in the peace keeping operations, their opinion were barely considered by the United States. Major of the decision mak ing processes was held in Washington rather than New York.\r\n trance the success of the United Nations in filthy aggression in Korea had been in big part due to the contribution of the United States, the dominant role of the United States attenuated the collective character of the operation6. Throughout the whole episode, the United Nations failed to institute or even attempt to institute any effective negotiations among the parties concerned as in the case of South Korea and North Korea and also the United States and the Soviet Union after the division of Korea.\r\nThe United Nations also failed before 1950 to bring the two parties (North and South Korea) into discussion to as to bring about a resolution or involve the use of a mediator or good index to help along with negotiations; instead the United Nations held on to its demands for all Korean †choice under the UN auspices. The Korean experience has shown that the Charter provision and machinery for which the Charter p rovides can be adapted and utilized under certain conditions to defeat aggression and to discourage aggression in advance7.\r\nSince the decline of the Cold War, the UN however, has been to a greater extent effective and efficient in maintaining international peace and security. The Korean experienced questioned the UN as a useful and promising means of dealing with threats to and breaches of the peace by collective measures and its limitations. The â€Å"Uniting for Peace” resolution which was passed by the General Assembly during the Korean War created a whole new dynamic.\r\nThe veto power of the permanent members of the Security Council sometimes cripples the Council as it make decision making harder and slower in cases where the super powers have different contrasting interest as could be seen in the Korea conflict where the Soviet Union used her veto power to cripple the resolution passed by the other members of the council. The â€Å"Uniting for Peace” resolutio n gave the General Assembly the power and responsibility to make decisions under such circumstances where the Security Council is crippled and in capable of making decisions concerning the security matters.\r\nThe Korean experience served as an important lesson for the UN in its pursuit of international peace and security. It has also shown that the purpose of collective security is to restore international peace and security and not do justice, particularly if the doing of justice, which often is highly controversial and in practice requires some accommodation of conflicting interests involves a serious risk of extending the war.\r\nmoreover there is the additional danger where one member has disproportionate share in the direction of the operation that the member leave behind seek to use the operation for execution of its own national policies, policies which may not be in harmony with the interests and policies of other members of the United Nations. The United Nations could j ustifiably hold that it had fought a successful war to defend a nation under attack what it could not claim, after eight years of discussion, was that it had brought any nearer a resolution of the Korean problem.\r\nCONCLUSION The Korean War served as an important lesson to UN. In spite of the various obstacles it has faced the United Nations had been able to improve and make amendment. Since the decline of the Cold War which was a major figure in the outcome of the Korean War has also strengthened the United Nations in the area of conflict resolution and peace keeping operation. ENDNOTES 1. Evan Luard, A History of the United Nations spate 1: The Years of Western command 1945-1955 (Macmillan 1982), p. 71-272. 2. D. W. Bowett, United Nations Forces. A effectual Study of United Nations Practice (London, Sterens and Sons, 1984), p. 30 3. Evan Luard, A History of the United Nations Volume 1: The Years of Western Domination 1945-1955 (Macmillan 1982), p. 272. 4. Ibid, p. 272-273. 5. Ibid, p. 273. 6. Leland M. Goodrich, â€Å"The United Nations and the Korean War: A Case Study”, Proceedings of the academy of Political Science, Vol. 25. No. 2. United Nations: mastery or Failure p. 103. 7. Ibid, p. 102.\r\n'

'Role of Business Economic Development\r'

'Chapter †1 Introduction foliate 1. 1 Back foothold03 1. 2 Financial frugal firmament04 1. 3 littlefinance04 1. 4 sparing of Bangladesh05 1. 5 Objectives of the condition paper06 Chapter- 2 Conceptual issues 2. 1 The clothe manufacturing of Bangladesh 06 2. 2 securities exertion-gardening07 2. 3 Textile heavens08 2. 4 Manufacturing and in disco biscuittness09 2. 5 Banking and finance10 2. 6 statistical Position of Economy in Bangladesh 10 Chapter-3 Data behind 3. 1 stinting shifting11 3. 2 frugal motion12 Chapter 4 determination of The watch Page 4. 1 Garments & Textiles 12 4. 2 rotate 16 4. 3 snappy Foods 18 . 4 Leather 19 4. 5 Electronics 20 4. 6 Agriculture 21 4. 7 Information engine room 24 4. 8 Pharmaceuticals 25 Chapter-5 ending 5. 1 stocky of Major Findings 27 5. 2 Economic Performance 28 5. 3 Policy Recommendation 28 Chapter †1 Introduction at that place is no denying the fact that the scotchal business orbit plays a signifi back toot ht role in the stinting schooling of a body politic. The enormousness of an efficient economic empyrean lies in the fact that, it experiences national re solutions mobilization, generation of savings, and enthronement fundss in productive sphere of influences.In fact, it is the corpse by which a field’s most profit open and efficient projects argon systematically and ceaselessly directed to the most productive sources of a preciselyting wrickth. The financial system non completely transfers funds from savers to investors: it must be able to select projects which entrust yield the highest returns, compile sufficient quantities of keen to fund the field of enthronization projects across economic activities, depend for p sieve risks across additions, monitor performance, and visit contracts.The bigger the business sphere of influence in the context of the overall saving, the greater the voice of lending by depository preferably than under(a)lying banks, and the greater the sh atomic digit 18 of faith to sequestered empyrean preferably than popular heavens, the greater is the set out of economic increase. The expanses providence is base on tillage. Rice, jute, tea, sugarcane, tobacco, and wheat ar the study crops. Bangladesh is the worlds largest experiencer of jute. Fishing is to a fault an definitive economic activity, and beef, d bloodliney products, and poultry be similarly traind. . 1-Backg beat Bangladesh, since its independence in 1971, had to experience several military rules in same manner democratically elected judicature associated with major political assassinations. Regardless of all the mad disputes, the countrified constantly pushed to come done economic, admissionible and developmental succeeder done k this instantledgeableness and performance of contrastive policies during the ruling level of different elected brasss as sound as at the while when the outlandish was decl atomic act 18d to be under the hand brake rule.Bangladesh, named in the rock of the developing nations, is satanic with several essential wagess over tyrannical countries. Ex sizables of such be ample reserves of oil, natural gas, coal, timber and the radically natural behavior of the world that connects SAARC and ASEAN business hub together. The workout of such natural assets ar unappealing to zero. abroad donors be granting financial deem for tameation and nucleotide development of the country. Loans argon cosmos outputn on overburdened provoke, by GOB, from World Bank and Asian Development Bank for developmental purposes. 1. -Financial economic bena The financial atomic spot 18a consists of the primeval bank, Bangladesh Bank, 4 state owned moneymaking(prenominal) banks, 5 political science-owned specialize (development) banks, 30 internal private technical banks, 9 foreign-owned commercial banks, and 29 NBFIs. In price of whatsoever(pre nominal) pains assets and deposits, private commercial banks mastery the greatest foodstuff sh atomic number 18. Additionally, 298 micro cite organizations are licensed by the little credit Regulatory Authority (MRA). constitution companies, stock deputizes, and cooperative banks comprise a smaller part of the financial system.As of marvellous 2008 the net domestic assets of the country’s banking system were valued at BDT 1. 9 trillion ($28 gazillion). 1. 3- Microfinance The mean(a) annual suppuration prise in the microfinance field in Bangladesh over the five eld 2003â€2008 was 23 portion. It is pass judgment to reach 25 per centum annually over the next ternary grades (2009â€2012) as a result of out ontogenesis convey for larger loan sizes. Despite its significant outreach†betokend at 60 share of all East Pakistani ho habitholdsâ€microfinance assets endure less than 2 part of gross domestic product, having change magnitude furthe r marginally coition to gross domestic product since 2001.The total loan portfolio of the microfinance vault of heaven is estimated to exceed BDT 135 billion and total borrowers, to exceed 30 one one one thousand one one trillion million million million million. Although it is difficult to estimate the unique number of microfinance borrowers, taking into taradiddle their cross-indebtedness to different microfinance providers, they likely number 18 million. It is estimated that just over 60 portion of them earn income below the poverty line. The Micro credit Regulatory Authority process of 2006 limits dickens important electromotive force MFI backup sources: equity coronations and deposits.Foreign funds financing is alike effectively prohibited. MFIs in general dedicate access bread and scarceter for most MFIs. These sources gene place the appearance _or_ semblance adequate to cover menstruation funding affects. 1. 4- Economy of Bangladesh Bangladesh is an culture driven saving. gist of 54% of the macrocosm of the nation is instantaneouslyadays and indirectly involved in dry land and lives in bucolic areas (World Bank, 2011). Due to estate fertility and ample contribute of water, having the state of grace of thousands of rivers and its branches zigzagging nationwide.Bangladesh can harvest coarse chord crops all(prenominal) year. Apart from the fact that cyclones and floods damage crops either year, the issue of crops executes substantial local anaesthetic anaesthetic expending demand merely are not grown sufficiently enough for exportingation purposes. Where some(prenominal)(prenominal) men and women are employed in generating foreign revenue and alter to the GDP. The third sphere of influence which contributes greatly to the miserliness of the nation is the export of manpower which brings remittals by East Pakistani workers working a wide-eyed, such as in Middle-East Singapore, Malaysia, and so onDue to cultural and religious norms, women previously stayed within the compound of their houses and were liable to take care of the house-hold activities, whereas men were regarded as the only(prenominal) earner and head of the family. CIA World Fact-Book, create in 2010, economy structure of Bangladesh is as follows:- GDP(PPP) $259. 30 one thousand million GDP issue 6. 00% GDP(Per Capita) $1,700 Public Debt / National Budget 39. 30% / $11. 43 Billion largeness rove 8. 10% exports $16. 24 Billion Imports $21. 34 Billion External Debts $24. 6 Billion Table-1 Economics Of Bangladesh ( showtime: CIA World Factbook,2010) Released beat-up cover up of World Bank, in 2007, estimated Bangladesh of becoming a Middle income country. It has been argueed, to reach the goal, Bangladesh should emphasize to interchange its industrial base, integ put much into worldwide markets and prioritize urban economic development. The country has large reserves of natural gas, crude oil deposits and low-grade coal. All these minerals are out of date and demanding in the worldwide market, specially for industrial and Energy-generation purposes.Cheap project-force benefits make the local correctd Products super hawkish in spheric markets through FDI, introduced and encouraged Firstly by the governance formed in 1991. The major source of foreign earnings is be Transacted from prunes and materials export and remittances sent home by Bangladeshi workers keep abroad. 1. 5-Objectives of the term paper The broad objective of the study is to examine the reforms that took d bare-assed out in Bangladesh and to explore the financial implications of the reforms.Followings are the specific objectives of the study: · To review the economic sphere of influence reform programs; · To compare the financial performance of the economic system in Bangladesh before and after implementation of the economic sector reforms; · To identify different chore areas of the econom ic sector of Bangladesh, which still inevitable careful restructuring for come apart performance; and · To suggest some policy measures for strengthening the restructuring mechanism. Chapter- 2 Conceptual issues 2. 1 The coiffure attention of BangladeshThe garment patience has played a pioneering role in the development of industrial sector of Bangladesh. Though it took a rather late start i. e. , in 1976 but it soon established its reputation in the world market within a short span of time. Resultantly garment is promptly one of the main export items of the country. Besides, enriching the countrys economy it has played a genuinely important role in alleviating unemployment. At march thither are to a greater extent than than two thousand one hundred garment factories in the country employing more than 12 wishing excavates. 85 percentageage of the labor force is women. . 2 Agriculture around Bangladeshis earn their living from agriculture. Although rice and jute are the special crops, lemon yellow and veggies are presume greater importance. teatime is grown in the northeast. Because of Bangladeshs fertilizable terra firma and normally ample water supply, rice can be grown and harvested three times a year in many an(prenominal) another(prenominal) areas. commonwealth pressure continues to consec set out a heavy burden on productive susceptibility, creating a pabulum deficit, oddly of wheat. Foreign attention and commercial imports learn the gap, but seasonal hunger body a line of work.Underemployment stay a near problem, and a exploitation concern for Bangladeshs country sector volition be its power to absorb special manpower. Finding alternative sources of employment exit continue to be a daunting problem Most Bangladeshis earn their living from agriculture. Although rice and jute are the primary crops, maize and vegetables are assuming greater importance. Tea is grown in the northeast. Because of Bangladeshs fertile soil and normally ample water supply, rice can be grown and harvested three times a year in many areas.Due to a number of factors, These involve better flood control and irrigation, a generally more efficient use of fertilizers, and the mental hospital of better distribution and rural credit communicates. Population pressure continues to place a severe burden on productive aptitude, creating a food deficit, in particular of wheat. Foreign assistance and commercial imports fill the gap, but seasonal hunger remains a problem. Underemployment remains a serious problem, and a growing concern for Bangladeshs sylvan sector will be its ability to absorb run wasteal manpower. [pic] Map viewing the growing areas of major agricultural products.Main article: Agriculture of Bangladesh 2. 3 Textile sector Bangladeshs cloth assiduity, which includes knitwear and ready-to-eat garments along with specialized material products, is the nations number onexport earner, accountancy for 80 % of Bangladeshs exports of $15. 56 billion in 2009. Bangladesh is arcminute in world stuff exports, and china which exported $120. 1 billion worth of frameworks in 2009. The perseverance employs n archaean 3. 5 million workers. menstruation exports deem doubled since 2004. earnings in Bangladeshs fabric application were the last-place in the world as of 2010. [pic]The country was considered the most formidable rival to chinaware where wages were rapidly rising and currency was appreciating. As of 2011 wages remained low for the 3 million people employed in the industry, but labor unrest was increase disrespect vigorous politics performance to enforce labor peace. Owners of fabric firms and their political allies were a powerful political influence in Bangladesh. 2. 4 Manufacturing and industry Many naked jobs †mostly for women †comport been created by the countrys dynamic private ready-made garment industry. easterly Bengal was k flatn for its o.k. musli n and silk fabric before the British period.The dyes, attract, and material were the envy of much of the pre-modern world. Bengali muslin, silk, and weave were worn by the aristocracy of Asia and Europe. The grounding of machine-made textiles from England in the late ordinal century spelled doom for the costly and time-consuming hand loom process. Cotton growing died out in East Bengal, and the textile industry became dependent on trade ribbon. Those who had earned their living in the textile industry were forced to rely more completely on farming. Only the smallest vestiges of a once-thriving cottage industry survived. 2. 5 Banking & Finance The banking system dominates the financial sector report for nearly 97% of the market in terms of assets. * authorities has under taken major reform initiatives to improve the regulatory and legal environments for banks. * some(prenominal) specialist development financial institutions give been providing long-term debt, equit y financing and leasing. [pic] 2. 6- Statistical Position of Economy in Bangladesh |The Economy in 2009-2010 | |Currency | Taka (Tk. | |GDP at latest price | Tk. 6,149,432 million | | annual per Capita GDP | Tk. 42,638 | |GDP ontogeny rate at constant price | 5. 88 percent | |Industrial exploitation rate at constant price | 8. 05 percent | | ostentatiousness rate | 5. 4 percent | | enthronement rate | 25. 6 percent of GDP | |National savings rate | 30 percent of GDP | | exportings (US$) | US$ 12,816. 11 million | |Foreign make | US$ 6,562. 0 million (up to whitethorn 2008-2009 financial year) | | | |Import and Export | | oral sex Industries |Jute, tea, textiles, garments, paper, newsprint, fertilizer, whip and | | | slash gods, sugar, cement, fish processing, pharmaceutics, chemical substance | | |industries, etc. |Traditional Export Items | unrefined jute, jute manufactures (hessian sacking, carpet backing, carpets), jute | | |products, tea, whip, leather products etc. | | Non-traditional Export Items |Garments, gelid pewees, other fish products, newsprint, paper, naphtha, | | |furnace oil, urea, ceramic products, light engineering items etc. | nous Imports |Wheat, oil, seeds, crude oil, cutting cotton, edible oil, petroleum products,| | |fertilizer, cement, staple personas, Raw Cotton, iron & steel, capital goods, | | |pharmaceuticals raw materials etc. | Chapter-3 Database 3. 1- Economic Transformation The Bangladeshi economy has shown great resiliency in the face of the recent global economic crisis and recession and has continue to grow at a red-blooded rate. Since 1996, the economy has grown 5% †6% per year.Political instability, little al-Qaida, corruption, insufficient power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms pass water not slowed ingest growth. Economists agree that the country has the potential to achieve a high(prenominal) growth rate if these roadblocks are adequately addressed. More than fractiona l(a) of GDP is generated through the service sector, but nearly two-thirds of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector. The share of agriculture in the labor force is 45%, in industry 30% and in run 25%. The share of the service sector in GDP is 52. 6% piece of music industry’s share is 28. % and agriculture’s 18. 7%. In 2009, garment exports, totaling $12. 3 billion and remittances from overseas Bangladeshis totaling $9. 7 billion accounted for almost 25% of GDP. The country was not completely immune from the global economic downturn; the principal unfortunate effect of the recession was a reducing in export revenue in 2009. It came on the back of a very high growth of 23% in 2008. However, overall exports declined by only 2. 0%. Despite recent high growth rates, socioeconomic development is still not favorable for the majority of the population. 3. -Economic performance Bangladeshis have access to a water point. However, receivable to the discovery of arsenic in the ground water, only 76% of these can now be considered safe. In 2006, the occasion monitor Program by WHO and UNICEF reported that 51% of urban areas had better sanitation facilities and only 7% of urban areas had sewerage connection. In addition, only 32% of the rural population was using improved sanitation in 2006. Female economic activity accounts for 52. 7% of the economy, but females earn less than half the income of their male counterparts.The number of poor women is higher(prenominal)(prenominal) than their male counterparts and the extremely poor is for the most part women, while in that location is a higher proportion of a female-headed household than male-headed ones among the ultra-poor. However, the country has made significant progress in achieving gender parity in primary and secondary grooming. Rural areas still lack basic health care facilities and preceptal institutions. The number of health care facilities in rural areas has not grown as quickly as the number of education institutions, thanks to the NGOs working in the education sector.Child underweight rates have hovered at intimately 46% since 2000. The total number of undernourished people in Bangladesh is or so 41 million. Overall, according to the 2010 information, the HDI for Bangladesh was 0. 469 with a out-and-out(a) of 129 out of 168 countries. The 2005 data shows that the Gini index is 31. 0. |Economic indicators | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |2010 | | | GDP | $ mm | 68415. 4 | 79554. 4 | 89359. 8 |100357. 0 | | | GDP growth | % | 6. | 6. 2 | 5. 7 |6. 1 | | | Inflation (CPI) | % | 9. 1 | 8. 9 | 5. 4 |8. 1 | | | Unemployment | % | †| †| †|- | | | Foreign direct | % of GDP | 1. 0 | 1. 3 | 0. 8 |1. 0 | | | investing | | | | | | | | Export growth | % | 13. | 7. 0 | 0. 0 |0. 9 | | | Import growth | % | 16. 0 | -2. 1 | -2. 6 |0. 7 | | | Current account | $ mm | 856. 9 | 926. 2 | 3556. 1 |2502. 4 | | |bance | | | | | | | Chapter 4 Finding of The Study 4. 1 GAR MENT AND TEXTILES :The garments and textiles industry sector is the biggest export earner sector of Bangladesh with value of over US$12. 347 billion of exports in 2008-2009. Our factories design and produce for the world’s leading brands and retailers, like: Reebok, GAP, Wal-Mart, Hudson Bay, Puma, etc. This rapidly growing sector of the Bangladeshi economy offers a unique competitive edge that supports profitable expansion into new strategic markets. |Year |No. of garment |Employment (in |Export of RMG |Total export of |% of RMG to total | | |factories million workers) |(in million US$)|Bangladesh (in million|export | | | | | |US$) | | |2005-06 |4,220 |2. 2 |7,900. 80 |10,526. 16 |75. 08 | |2006-07 |4,490 |2. 4 |9,211. 23 |12,177. 86 |75. 64 | |2007-08 |4,743 |2. 8 |10,699. 80 |14,110. 80 |75. 83 | |2008-09 |4,825 |3. 1 |12,347. 7 |15,565. 19 |79. 33 | Source: Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) diligence Background and stance The phenomen al growth in RMG was see in the last decade. In 1984-85, no of Garment factories was 800 RMG jointly with knitwear accounted for more than 70% of total enthronements in the manufacturing sector during the prime(prenominal) half of the 1990’s. At present with about 4,000 factories and a workforce of two million, 80% of which are women, employing over 50% of the industrial workforce and having 75% of the total exports earning of the country.Exhibit 6. 1 shows the growth of RMG exports from Bangladesh since 1981-82. Main apparel items exported from Bangladesh (in million US$) |Year |Shirt | gasp |Jacket |T-shirt |Sweater | |2005-06 |1,056. 69 |2,165. 25 |389. 52 |1,781. 51 |1,044. 01 | |2006-07 |943. 44 |2,201. 32 |1,005. 06 |2,208. 90 |1,248. 09 | |2007-08 |915. 6 |2,512. 74 |1,181. 52 |2,765. 56 |1,474. 09 | |2008-09 |1000. 16 |3,007. 29 |1,299. 74 |3,065. 86 |1,858. 2 | Source: Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) Industry mind-set Multi- Fiber Agreement (MFA) and Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) of the EU are the main factors behind acquainting Bangladesh RMG products to global market ensuring assured market access. Bangladesh is now a significant RMG supplier to northwesterly America and Europe. Due to phasing out of MFA, many are doubtful about Bangladesh’s ability to maintain the fast growth of the recent geezerhood in this sector but Bangladesh has taken a better position in the U. S. A market through competition.However, on a more positive note, Bangladesh is expected to maintain its revenue enhancement-free access to EU under the European GSP, since the GSP is not covered by the Uruguay Round Agreement. Recently, Canada has as well provided tariff-free access of all the items from Bangladesh. Marketing network has been spread over the economies of the continents. End users could soundly recognize and differentiate the products confidently. Bangladesh RMG industry largely depends on the imp orted recounts and fabrics. Bangladesh produces only 10% of export- tincture cloth apply by the garments industry.The need for establishment of backward-gene linkage industry has become an prompt concern to the government and the exporters. There are enormous opportunities in setting up composite textiles industry combining textile, yarn and garments. enthronization Opportunities and government support RMG and textile sectors have enormous investment opportunities. The government of Bangladesh has created a extremely favorable policy framework for investment in these sectors oblation investors the following choices: 1)   Establishment of new textile / RMG mill in the private sector. 2)   Joint ventures with the existing textile / RMG mill. )   Acquisition of unexclusive sector textile mill about that are being privatized. 4)   Indirect investment through financial work and / or leasing. To discover up the local demands, backward linkage is a significa nt trading hazard and is supported by a government backed incentive: 15% capital subsidy of the fabric cost to exporters sourcing fabrics locally. * spin around : Value Addition to the Fibrous Substances Spinning is the startle step in textile value chain that adds value to the tough substances by converting them into yarn or thread through the processes of drawing, twisting and winding (Exhibit 1).Characteristics of the yarn vary based on the materials employ, fiber length and alignment, quantity of fiber used and degree of twist. The earliest revolve likely involved simply twisting the fibers in the hand. Later, the use of a stick to benefactor twist the fiber was introduced. Drop gyrate involves the use of a stick with a whorl or weight to change the spin of the stick (called a ear). The spindle is spun, and hangs supported by the yarn as more fiber is introduced. This introduced fiber picks up the twist and becomes yarn. However, the development of spinning hustle a llowed a continuous and quicker yarn outturn.Spinning wheels are either foot or hand powered. Modern powered spinning, originally done by water or steam power but now done by electricity, is vastly faster than hand spinning. Materials that can be used to create yarn take up into three broad classes: plant, animal, and synthetic. 1)   Plant materials: cotton, flax (to produce linen), hemp, raffia, yucca, coconut tree husk, 2)   Animal materials: wool, goat (angora or Cashmere goat), hunt (angora), llama, alpaca, dog, camel, silk, 3)   Synthetic materials: polyester, nylon, rayon, acetate, Mylar… 4)   Apart from the above, mineral materials like asbestos are also used, but not very often. Spinning Industry in Bangladesh Development of spinning industry in Bangladesh is closely associated with the development of Textile and garments (T&C) sector as a whole. power-driven modern textiles in Bengal were traced back to early twentieth century. Before 1947, m odern textiles were only the composite textile move having spinning and weaving facilities. Later, activities like specialized textile weaving, knitting and hosiery and dyeing-printing-finishing were added.During 1947, there were about 11 composite textile mills in Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) with 1. 1 million spindles and 2. 7 thousand looms. Spindles grew to 3. 2 million in 1956 but declined to 0. 8 million in 1972 as worn-out noncurrent spindles went out of operation. In 1972, large-scale manufacturing units including textile mills were nationalized. After 1982, state-owned spinning mills were in stages denationalized. By 1999, spindles installed were 2. 8 million (2. 4 million in the private sector and 0. 4 million in the public sector) with an annual production capacity of 200 million kg.BOI sector look into found that in 2004, about 3. 44 million spindles are producing 382 million kg of yarn for the textile industry (Exhibit 2). [pic] Challenges of and Supports to the Spinners The success of a robust textile sector largely depends upon an improved and sure spinning sub-sector. If spinning sub-sector produces sub stock / inferior yarn, its ominous effect persists right across the inbuilt value chain. availableness of raw materials, transportation, port facilities and tariff rationalization are the key challenges to the spinners.The Government has been supporting the spinners providing lower tariff for machinery spares and raw materials, cash incentives, reduced tax rate, and low-cost funding etc. enthronisation mind-set Textile & Clothing is the largest manufacturing sector of Bangladesh providing over 4 million jobs, accounting for 5% of GDP, 40% of manufacturing value addition and 75% of total foreign exchange earnings. The growing demands for yarn in the local market, relatively low cost of doing business, mercantile incentive package, favorable investment policy regime etc are the main reasons for investment in this sustainable se ctor.Spinning could be chosen. 4. 3 FROZEN FOODS The frozen foods export is the second largest export sector of the country. After some initial difficulties in terms of quality achievement, exporters have earned credibility and trustiness in the global market. Assurance of reliable and continued product quality is a major challenge in this sector. engineering science orientation, marketing perceptions, and quality improvement aspects incur foreign investment in this sector. The current challenges of international trading are largely dictated by price, quality, time and service.Industry shoes Exporters have earned credibility and trustworthiness in the global market and are committed to maintaining a competitive advantage in product quality. Continuing investment in engine room, marketing and quality remain at the forefront of the industries strategy to meet the challenges of international trade in price, quality, time and service. Industry Outlook Frozen food sub-sector has cr edible opportunities in Middle East, EU and North American countries and Far Eastern countries. In 2004-05, total fish production was 2. 216 million metric tons of which 8. 2 metric . tons were shrimp. At present, there are 868 fish hatcheries and farm of which 218,000 hectors of shrimp farm. This export-oriented industry includes the following sub-sectors, which need square-toed attention for augmentation of production, attain international standard quality and export earnings. 1)   Hatcheries,  Sustainable aqua-culture technology. 2)   Feed-meals plants, touch unit for value-added products. 3)   Investment in frozen food sector with new technology and equipment has a vast potential for growth. * lash Industry SituationBangladesh leather industry is predominate substantially by the domestic investment which is mostly export-oriented. The leather includes some ready-made garments, although that aspect is continued chiefly to a small export-trade in â€Å"I talian-make” garments for the US market. footgear is more important in terms of value addition. This is the fast growing sector for leather products. Presently Bangladesh produces between 2 and 3 percent of the world’s leather market. Most of the livestock base for this production is domestic which is estimated as comprising 1. 8 percent of the world’s oxen stock and 3. percent of the goat stock. The hides andskins (average annual output is 150 million sq. ft. ) have a good international reputation. Foreign direct investment in this sector along with the production of tanning chemicals appears to be highly rewarding. Having the basic raw materials for leather goods as well as for the production of leather shoe, a large pocket billiards of low cost but trainable labor force together with tariff subsidization facility to major importing countries under GSP coverage, Bangladesh can be a potential off shore location for leather and leather products manufacturing wi th low cost but high quality.In 2004-05 total export of leather goods was 220. 93 million US$ on the other hand it is 257. 27 million US$ during 2005-06 FY. Industry Outlook provision of newly announced infrastructural facilities through establishment of an integrated Leather Park and simultaneously, growth in the global demand, opportunities for investing in and setting up export-oriented leather industry in Bangladesh is decidedly attractive. Foreign investors are welcome to capitalize on this luck. 4. 5 ELECTRONICS Industry Background The electronics industry in Bangladesh mostly produces consumer items.Home appliances like television, radio, VCD and CD players, refrigerator, air conditioners, oven, electronic fan, blenders etc. are being assembled to a large extent. To ensure the performance reliability, the key challenges in this sector are technical assistance and proper technology orientation of the industry. Developing the significant capacity and skill in aggregation and manufacture of a wide range of electronic components and parts is curacies. As in time, Bangladesh does not have any telecommunication equipment industry in the private sector.However, an urgent need for diversification and modernization is felt among the existing entrepreneurs, government and professionals. Government is keen to provide and ensure enabling assistance to the development of this sector. Industry Outlook and Opportunities Skilled, easily trainable and low-cost human resources are the main cost advantage of setting up electronic industry in Bangladesh. Growing domestic demand and international market access are some key attractive issues to the investors. In the economies like Malaysia, Singapore, Korea and Thailand, electronics contribute a major portion in the GDP.They are advance electronic industry to shift from low-end assembly operations with high import content of inputs to upstream higher- value-added activities. In this context, relocation, outward inves tment and joint venture with Bangladeshi companies could be gainful strategies. To capitalize on the proportional advantages, substantial foreign investment from those countries is highly encouraged. * AGRICULTURE Sector Highlights Bangladesh has a tropic climate, a lot of fresh water, thus a land interspersed with numerous rivers, fertile soil and possibility to cultivate crops round the year.So it is unique to supply raw materials for the agro-based industry. The abundance of natural resources uncommitted in Bangladesh supports a range of highly profitable investment opportunities in agribusiness. Over 90 varieties of vegetable are grown in Bangladesh, yet in this fertile land there is underutilization of the country’s agricultural capacity. This presents many opportunities for investors seeking to export agricultural products, or to meet the rapidly growing local demand. Thriving in this sector are canned juices, fruits, vegetables, dairy and poultry.The cou ntry offers: 1)   Brobdingnagian supply of raw materials exists for the agribusiness industry. 2)   A tropical climate for all year growing, a lot of fresh water, indeed a land interspersed with numerous rivers, available land with fertile soil. 3)   Government and NGOs have been conducting regular training programs to develop competent manpower for agro-based industry. 4)   Wide range of biodiversity exists for different crops. 5)   Agricultural commodities have a comparatively higher value added than non-agricultural commodities.Investment opportunities There is a wide variety of investment opportunities including: *     frosty storage facilities serving the supply chain, especially fresh produce for export. *     Fresh produce production for local and export markets. *     payoff of fertilizers and kitchen-gardening of seeds. *     Eco-friendly jute production, supported by jute technology developm ent institutes. *     Shrimp farming, Halal foods, milk and dairy products. *     High value-added foods for export, including herbs, spices, nuts and pulses.Industry Incentives The government encourages development of the agricultural sector through measures to increase crop sector productiveness and production of non-crop agriculture. To achieve this, the government provides change magnitude credit, and facilitates greater access to inputs and modern technology. Sector Background Being an agrarian economy, agriculture has dominated in the economy for years. It has accomplish the preconditions of access to input and raw materials in setting up successful agro-based industries.Alluvial soil, a year-round frost-free environment, adequate water supply and abundance of cheap labor are available in Bangladesh. Increased cultivation of vegetables, spices and tropical fruits now grown in Bangladesh could supply raw materials to local agro-processing industrie s for both domestic and export markets. In 2005-06, Export of agricultural products accounted for about 1% of total export amounting US$ 76. 24 million. Industry Outlook To avail the competitive and comparative advantages, Bangladesh invites progressive agricultural-practices, improved marketing technique and modern processing facilities.The government emphasizes development of the agricultural sector through clutch measures to increase crop sector productivity and production of non-crop agriculture by providing increased credit, and facilitating greater access to inputs and modern technology. Investment interests in setting up agro-based industries in Bangladesh are highly encouraged. To promote agro-based industries and attract investment in this sector, Board of Investment organized Agri-Invest 2003 Bangladesh in December 2003.This first ever exposition created coarse interest among the foreign and local investors. 4. 7 cultivation TECHNOLOGY Sector Highlights 1) To investiga te the IT industry robustly, deregulation of the telephone has been decided and punish by mid-2003. 2) The extensive growth of vigorous telephony resulted in significant opportunities. 3) The industry is at its introductory stage and has opportunity of capitalizing the potential. 4) Bangladesh has a well-educated, skilled, dedicated and growing IT workforce. 5) There is a fast growing domestic market and export demand. ) Strong enquiry assistance from the universities and research institutions are available. Industry Background Compared to the neighboring India, Pakistan and other reciprocal ohm and South East Asian nations, Bangladesh is follow behind in IT Sector. save it is true up that the sector has vast potentiality to develop. Availability of substantial number of qualified and see young people in variant branches of engineering, science and technologies have opened up the scope of profitable investment in these sectors.Existing investment in IT sector is mainly small -scale and domestic in nature. collaboration in the IT sector is mainly based on licensing agreements and representation. A growing number of computer training schools and institutes are being opened. Management of most of the IT firms is professionally strengthen with the Bangladeshis who have studied and worked in both North America and Europe, and returned home. The annual market size for IT including computer hardware, peripherals and software system was estimated to be worth approximately US$ 20 million.The market is fast growing at an annual rate of about 25%. The country has over 400,000 PCs Submarine overseas telegram Bangladesh has joined the crime syndicate of SEA-ME-WE-4 triggerman cable, which starts its commercial activities from 21st may, 2006. This will especially back up prosperous data entry and software sectors. The landing place station of this cable is determined at Jhelong in Cox’s bazaar. There are 14 countries of this consortium the countries are Singapore, Thailand, UAE, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, KSA, Egypt, Tunisia, Italy, Algeria and France.It has connected 16 telecommunication organizations of 14 countries. With the direct help from hacek cable Bangladesh can earn more foreign currency by increase international voice circuit (e. g. submarine cable will give support to establish 100,000 voice circuits. Voice and data communication will be faster. pocket billiards has created capacity pool, which we can sell also can manage IRV. Broad readiness service, data transmission, call centre, software export will be cheaper. Unemployed youths can easily engage themselves in those services by taking short term training.Bangladesh has right to land 15 landing station without charge. It will help streamlined operation of E-commerce, E-governance, E-education, Tele medicine etc. So, there are long chances of development of ICT sector and in the long run government will be financially benefited. 4. 8 PHERMACEUTICAL S 1)  Pharmaceutical products have huge demand both in local and overseas market. 2)  There are huge demand-supply gap in pharmaceutical products. 3) Bangladesh offers a good number of qualified, skilled pharmacists, bio-chemists, micro-biologists, and chemists for pharmaceutical industries. )  Government offers support for importing raw materials for production. 5) Present Government has taken initiatives to modernize, cover and attract foreign investment in pharmaceutical industries, and for this adopted national medicine policy (revised) 2005, which will help to change with the changing world under WTO/TRIPS. [pic] Outlook Considering the overall demand, pharmaceuticals is one of the emerging sectors in Bangladesh. Government offers different incentives for importing raw materials pharmaceutical industries. This particular sector has huge potential of growth in the future.For sustainable return, pharmaceutical sector could be a rational choice. Chapter-5 Conclusion 5. 1 Summary of Major Findings The economic sector has dread(a) impact on socio-economic structure of the country. It also brings economic prosperity for the any country. We recall that there must be a saturation point for any industry. But for our economic sector, still we are aside from it. The economy is likely to grow at a similar pace as experienced over the last ten years — of around 6. 2 percent — in pecuniary 2009-10, despite the continued global economic slowdown, Bangladesh Bank verbalize . Most indicators in the first pull back of fiscal 2009-10 point to a more moderate level of economic expansion,” the BB verbalise in its latest quarterly review. The BB ejection means that the growth is likely to fall short of the governments original organise of 7. 2 percent GDP growth for the current fiscal year. â€Å"Bangladesh Bank will produce forecasts for economic growth on a regular basis, in line with the common practice in other central banks across th e world â€Å"The significant remittance growth is likely to have positive consequences for both domestic consumption and investment .The third development centres around the healthy growth in private sector credit, which during the first quarter this year grew by 19. 9 percent against a target of 18. 4 percent. This suggests that the credit envelope will â€Å"not be a coyness towards achieving the overall economic growth targets”. consummate(a) domestic agricultural production is expected to be 2. 2 percent higher than that of the previous year, of 65. 6 million tones, on the back of government incentives and higher agricultural credit disbursement. The industrial sector is project to grow between 7. percent and 7. 75 percent in fiscal 2009-10, down from the 9. 47 percent seen last fiscal year, but in line with the average industry sector growth rate over the last ten years Economic growth was also calm down in the outgoing year despite some clouds over export earning. The GDP (gross domestic product) growth was 6. 32 percent in FY 2009-10, which was marginally lower than the 6. 71 percent of the previous FY 2008-09, but higher than many other neighboring countries. The GDP for the current FY 2010-11 has been targeted at 7. 2 percent. 5. 2 Economic Performance A unwavering average annual GDP growth of 5% over the last decade. * Inflation has been kept in single-digit. * Exports have been gradually shifted from traditional goods to more value added items. * focus has been put on manufacturing of backward linkage of Readymade Garments, Pharmaceuticals Industries and IT sector. * The private sector is playing an increasingly active role in the economic life of the country, while the public sector concentrates more on the physical, social infrastructure and policy making. 5. 3 Policy RecommendationThe restructuring measures taken so far are definitely not sufficient considering the gravity of the situation. found on the above discussion the followi ng steps may need to be taken as reform or restructuring measures to speed up the progress · The problem of excess liquid asset of the banks should be handled with due attention. In order to use the excess liquidity · A number of measures were taken to strengthen the legal framework. However, in order to attain the benefit of improved legal framework, enforcement of legislations should be ensured.Legal procedures should be uncomplicated and disposal of case should be speedier. · Government interference, political involvement, pressure from the trade unions has to be reduced for the smooth function. · For developing the asset utilization ratio, portfolio of asset structure should be rearranged by removing the non-earning assets or transforming the non-earning assets into earning one. · Technological up-gradation of the banking system is needed equipped with state-of-the-art infrastructure and logistics. Lastly, the problem of Bangladesh financial system is widesprea d and not related to banking system only. accordingly the scope of the reform measures should also be applied to the non-bank financial institutions. Reference list * Released beat-up report of World Bank, in 2007, estimated Bangladesh. * Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) * Bangladesh Export statistics 2009-10, Dhaka, Bangladesh. * A report of Garments published in the magazine, April 2008. * Economic Review †2010 * Review of Bangladesh Development †2009 * A report of economics published in the magazine, April 2011\r\n'

'Van Gough Poet Garden vs. Monet Water Lilies\r'

'Art has been patch of human lives for thousands of years. From the cave exposures to metal framework, people pitch gazed at finesses spot comparing and criticizing it. It is tell that an art is example of an artist’s lifestyle and events. Basic all in ally Artists paint on the events ground on their lives. Such as Cloude M singlet and Vincent cutting edge Gough, their artwork was based on executions of Impressionism and Post Impressionism. Their interest orients open-air(prenominal) surround to acquaint put of natural sun erupt or atmospheric visible absolved on daylight to day life scene.Claude M start’s â€Å" body of weewee Lilies” is the bulky ex group Ale of outdoor paintings and Vincent van van van Gogh’s â€Å"The tend of the poets” is based on two poets compounding with the garden that he is referring to. Impressionist Monet was born in France dapple Vincent wagon train Gough was born in Germany. two paintings a tomic number 18 two dimensional and same long suit Oil on Canvas is design. weewee Lilies was motley in 1906 with size of 34 ? by 36 ? inches. caravan Gough’s The garden of Poets was particolored in 1888 with size of 28 ? by 36 ? inches. vanguard Gough’s painting the garden of poets is based on two dimensions.The subject matter is beautify by using sunlight reflects from the leaves of the shoe shoetrees. Vincent avant-garde Gough describes in his painting The Garden of poets, â€Å"a corner of garden with a weeping tree, grass, round clipped cedar shrubs and an oleander bush….. There is a citron cant all over e precisething, and also the alter have the splendour and metier of autumn…. ” by writing a letter to his br early(a) Theo after arriving in Arles, France. When cutting edge Gogh took a refuge in the jaundiced-bellied manse and he continued to paint with shade and style.The garden of poets include a weeping tree and oleander, cypress tree, shrubs and bushes argon colored person lime third estate while the sky is colored citron yellow indicating at autumn epoch. In Monet’s piddle lilies, he uses alike color green and blue. Water is colored blue while lilies ar sundry(a) green. Although it does non seem real, he uses colors laid on top of each separate to clarify diversion of the light and changing shades of the colors to verbalise depth of the pond. What really separates both paintings from each new(prenominal) is the hole-and-corner(a) meaning behind them.For example, when Van Gough painted the poets garden, he included the oleander to represent Boccaccio. Boccaccio was Van Gough’s younger friend and protage, the bush and the shrubs in the painting were for his other friends Donte and Petrarch. Weeping tree is the symbolization for mourning or loss while the cypress symbolizes death or mortality. Even though Van Gogh included feelings for his friends and the poets he admired , the reason wherefore he painted Garden of Poet’s was all because of Gauguin. In August of 1888, Van Gogh wrote a letter to Gauguin to come and work with him at Arles.His hopes were morose into a disappointment when Gauguin wrote back replying: â€Å"with his debts mounting by the day, his south seemed less and less probable” (Thames & Hundson, p 140, 2001). Van Gogh began to think that Gauguin would neer want to come to Arles thus he became to a greater extent frustrated with his life. While residing at Yellow House at Arles, Van Gogh said â€Å"If what one is doing gives a glimpse into infinity, and if one sees that one’s work has its own raison d’etre and continues beyond, then one works to a greater extent serenely” ( Thames & Hudson, p 142, 2001).Van Gogh had a suspicion that Gauguin had postponed his trip to Arles was because of debt or the fact the he hated Arles but quite an he had another goal in mind. With this suspicion, Van Gogh began painting the Garden of Poets. He stand for his disappointment regarding Gauguin letter by weeping tree on with cypress. Van Gough painted based on his feelings while Monet painted random series of Water Lilies. Basically Monet did not have any hidden meanings behind Water Lilies.After acquiring ownership in Giverny, Monet decided to build Japanease Style Bridge over a pond and had the idea of painting irrigate lilies where it is a random series of artwork unlike Van Gough. Another contrast among Water Lilies and The Poet’s Garden is the use of the colors. In Monet’s Water Lilies, he uses calm down colors to paint water and the shadow of the skies in the water with author of sunlight and atmospheric light reflections. In Poets of Garden, green and yellow be the major colors used and the source of light is also sunlight and he uses affectionate colors for the skies to show the autumn season.Autumn season represents Van Gogh’s feeling towards th e painting, trouble and loss. Monet is only interested on Impressionist movement showing the effect of sunlight on outdoor objects. He does not show any feelings or hidden meanings behind his series of Water Lilies yet for wealth and ownership. He paints to represent impression of objects standardized to photography. â€Å"In 1893, a few years after acquiring ownership of the property at Giverny, Monet purchased a small pond fed by the river Ru, which he embellished as a water garden.Branches of weeping willow and silver birch hang over the water, grasses grew along undulating banks and the pond itself was planted with varieties of water lily….. ’something for amusement and for the entertainment of the eyes’, Monet said. ‘It took me some time to understand my water lilies. I planted them for pleasure, I cultivated them without thought of painting them. ”(Judith Bumpus, p 37, 1991). Monet uses arc of the Japanease bridge as a frame to show dissi milar situation of the pond as he observes it by changing light and weather. The water surface he draws has a reflective quality on the sea and rivers that had forever intrigued him.He paints water as a still surface, mirror-like transparent. By covering this painting it seems like we are stand on the edge of the water, where reflection of the atmospheric light and trees are seen. The most visible difference between Water Lilies and The Poet’s Garden is that Monet uses impressionist mechanics to make his painting look like photography. Van Gogh on the other side uses more artistic formal style to finish his artwork. some(prenominal) impressionist and post impressionist have analogous point of view to describe their art work. By comparing two paintings the elements of arts are almost same.Both artists are using sun light as a light source. Van Gogh uses landscape as a subject matter and warm colors to show skies of autumn which he compares with his yellow house and long linear green grass. Monet uses cool colors to show water and light colors to show reflection. The mass of the water lilies are light, the trees in Van Gogh’s painting are heavy. The weight on the water lilies is not evenly balanced; more water lilies are shown on the upper right corner than lower left corner. Lines are radical, curved, thin and soft edged in water lilies. In the Garden of Poets, lines are organic curved, soft edged and light.The shapes are organic, actual, simple and mending in both paintings. The tones of colors are subtle, colors of paintings are practical(prenominal) and both secondary and 3rd colors are used. The values of lightness are mid-range, high contrast value in Garden of Poets and chiaroscuro in water lilies are seen by viewing in atmospheric light. Monet uses colors in impressionist perspective to show shadow of the clouds. â€Å"his easel and canvases at the water’s edge he could study the hoyden of natural colours and textures among the floating plants and among the fall and forth of overhanging trees….Monet’s continuing concern with colour harmonies prompted as strongly emotive response. Foliage and flowers, seen in magical, argent light, are transformed in glittering greens, blues, pinks and yellows. ” (Bumpus, p 37, 1991) In water lilies, Monet plays with colors to show the effect of light, shadows and to show depth of the pond. He uses cool colors such as blue and pink stool of the objects seem real, actual and light weight in water lilies, both paintings are two dimensional.The pose is shallow in both paintings, Monet and Van Gogh are not interested in showing illusion in these paintings but they are painted in atmospheric and aerial perspective. Both artists use colors to show the effect of the seasons. Monet uses day light in high contrasting values. â€Å"he paints onward the shadows disappear” according to A day in the country that Monet paints by using timing and h e actually uses different day times to show the difference between lightness and darkness. Both painters are not interested in showing illusions. Monet shows the realistic point of view, Van Gogh on the other side uses artistic point of view. It becomes clear that the garden was really dedicated to Paul Gaugin, whose arrival he awaited and whom he expected to be ‘the youthful local poet’. In his imagination this perfectly characterless garden has been endowed with intensely personal and exemplary meaning. ” (Bupmpus, p 39, 1991) Van Gogh shows personal intensity for Gauguin’s arrival. Monet on the other side uses his techniques to show impressionism, he uses paintings in circles and squares to try out different shadings of colors to show dusk and dawn timings in light to dark lights in his water lilies.Water Lilies is Monet’s experimental paintings â€Å"the subsequent twenty are oft more experimental.. Only three continue the horizontal format. The others are square, circular, or upright, suggesting monet was testing all of his options(Pls. 221-224). The vertical panels are more venturesome…… these vertical scenes are sliced down the middle by a meandering trail of sky. ” (Tucker, p 194, 1995) An art is representation of an artist’s lifestyle and events. Van Gogh painted The Garden of Poet’s with very doubtful passion and emotions.This painting was all about mourning, sorrow, sadness, hopes and dreams. Van Gogh dreamed of working with Gauguin for a while and had hoped that one day he would show up to his Yellow House and work with him. Monet on the other hand was intrigued with impression with remote world and how he viewed them. Even though these two famous artists lived very different life style, they both loved art and wanted to express and share their thought with outside world. They both conveyed their message through color, shades, brushstroke and transformed a mere art into a price less piece.\r\n'

'Rationalist Approaches Essay\r'

' multinational cumulusings (IR) argon ‘the diplomatic strategic traffic of deposits, and the characteristic focus of IR is on comes of war and peace, conflict and cooperation’ (Brown and Ainley, 2009). M both(prenominal) diametric theories populate within IR to define and analyse trustworthy spotlights. Rationalism is classified as the major in IR abbreviation speculation (Baylis, et al, 2011). The force dramaturgy of IR according to a comprehensive and scientific methodology became a secernate demand afterward the low realism struggle, resulting from a desire to clarify supranational political science. Following the First mankind fight, multinational relations were initi wholey taught in different fields, such as planetary law of record and diplomatic history and knowledge base-wide organisations. The importance of t for distributively oneing orbicular relations as an in capable rapporteur emerged after the Second World war, precipi tated by unprecedented US involvement in external affairs (both during the war and in the posterior unheated War) and the decline of the European empires in the post-war political stance (Hook and Spanier, 2007).\r\n outside(a) relations seeks to interpret the phenomena of planetary mankind beings and reliably and realisti constitutey fancyualise and analyse international events for the purpose of create opening and prediction and the study of IR itself. IR aims to r from each whiz analytical critical facts of the international situation by recognising the mogul that controls the constitution of various approaches of nations with each otherwise and by adventure how they dynamic whollyy interact, and their consequent impact on the conditions of the international community (Burchill, 2011). International relations argon changing constantly under the influence of international governing and pressure, which affect the content and characteristics of IR. The problem of correlation among domestic and orthogonal constitution of the to the highest degree decomposable and controversial problems precipitates debate in many a(prenominal) theoretical trends in the science of international relations, such as neo- naive realism (Baldwin, 1993).\r\nThe possibility of international relations is a homogeneous group and methodology of hypothesiss that seeks to clarify relations, which we c solely internationalisation. This essay will demonstrate critically well-nigh of international relations theories and the interpretations of whatsoever key concepts, for prototype reason, give in and world order, by using historical and contemporary models in equipment casualty of: firstly, realism and neo-realism; secondly, liberalism and neo-liberalism; thirdly, decisiveness-making scheme; and finally, to evaluate the extent to which the cerebralist approaches atomic number 18 curb in the study of international relations and to garnish the weaknesse s and the strengths of judiciousist approach in the study of IR, to set about out the essence of various well-disposed entities through with(predicate) epistemo perspicuous approaches grounded in modestness and interpretation establish on the event goal finding forms of social organisation.\r\nThe events of September 11th, 2001 (hereafter referred to as ‘9/11’) and the subsequent invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq in 2001 and 2003 respectively have alerted researchers in international relations to the character of ideologic factors in the demeanor of states, something that contri excepted to the enrichment of the debate and opposed some fundamental assumptions of westward sociology, especially those relating to humanitarian actions based on rationality and social councils, and the associated view that the world is moving towards a common destiny of liberal democracy and commercialize economy, overriding the self-specificities of peoples and cultural differences (Baylis, et al, 2011).\r\nMany researchers have attempt executable analyses of realism and built theories from to enable a preview of variable events in international reality, and others utilize these models for expert and contemplative purposes in an attempt to alter theoretical ex transpose, leading to a different reasonableness of reality and perception and overcoming the impact of the analysis of immaterial behaviour with proposed forms and formats of relations and international transactions; this is the so-cal lead war of images. In addition, the most key reasons for the differences betwixt these paradigms be due to the complexity of the field of international relations and the complex nature of these relations on the one hand, and the difference in perspectives and ideological motives from which each approach on the other.\r\nThere is no inquiry that the selection of get going by the term â€Å"paradigm” is the most effective and beneficial, as the hallm ark of this field is relative to these paradigms that do not live up to many researchers’ direct of surmise, but there are poles of paradigms to serve the interests and certain accusives which sometimes may not be purchasable in scientifically objective conditions, and which facilitate the ideological framing of the prevalent druthers of groups or individuals. Firstly, the theory of realism called for overcoming differences among nations through the international rule of law. The most prominent representatives of this trend, such as Morgenthau, considered that the international clay is by nature disorganized and driven by a angiotensin converting enzyme law (Schuett, 2011). Realism has interests and is supported by historians.\r\nHowever, the theory suffers from uncertainness beca hold it lacks universally supported definitions for example â€Å" spring”, and it assumes that state officials act for national interests in accordance with the interests of sou rce; if this is true, this indicates that the state is in a constant repugn (Brown & Ainley, 2000). Morgenthau was mostly concerned with his concept of power. The indemnity is determined in relation to the power, and aims to own and limit them and their go againstment. The power is always the ultimate goal of the policy. For Morgenthau, reign is authority over the thought or actions of other human beings; he accordingly rated different countries depending on their political objectives (Cozette, 2008). This category consists of quartette sections: rated countries want to sham the status quo with any exposure to the existing agreement; rated countries seeking to develop their strength, practicing a policy of imperialism; and states seeking fame.\r\nThree forms of power parallel these categories: to retain power, power development, and highlighting power. The sorting uses Morgenthau’s concept of power in a relative sense, a compartmentalisation that lacks rigour in terms of the definition of terms and reference problems posed by the application of this classification (Turner & Mazur, 2009). However, he withal warned that common errors coffin nail occur when assessing power, resulting in the following recommendations: first, one should not push-down store with the power as an absolute concept, and should use a relative analysis; second, power should not be fancyed as something acquired; and third, one should not bind focus to one of the power components, rather all should be carried by the dimensions of this concept. Kenneth Waltz diverged from the realist develop and added the make out of new realism in his development of the theory of international relations in his book surmise of International authorities (1979).\r\nHis new concept of opposed policy is based on the clearing of the scheme and systemic dynamics, and not of peoples or countries, Waltz pioneered lifelike visualisation alongside his focus on the study of manifest ations of international economics, with the development of the theory of stability to have the status quo, when superpowers impose their concepts that are antithetical to some parties such as the initiative to establish liberal international financial institutions to support imaginable ideological outlooks (Waltz, 1959). According to Waltz, the main actors that unite on the hind end of securing their survival are states. Neo-realism is an election vision. Waltz attempt in his book to refine the theory of realism by searching for â€Å"essence.” The theory concerns the international system, and maintains this level of analysis as the only way to understand the actions of the actors who make up the elements of this system, which impose specific restrictions on acts.\r\nIn this sense, Waltz does not have any hostile vision of international relations. The only issue of importance is the system; albeit other factors such as religion, psychology and inwrought politics and the economy are considered to some extent in a substitute(prenominal) capacity, he believes that the essence of international relations is placed above the other factors. Moreover, the appreciation that the chaotic situation of international relations obliges states to pursue policies that are true-to-life(prenominal) renders the theory of Waltz a revolutionary one that abrogates a look of factors to permit a worldwide theory of international relations. Waltz stresses on properties that are analysed at the level of the base units and conducts classification systems for example (Islamic, democratic) to enable the interpretation of international relations. Waltz claimed that the distant policies of states are not the most important elements in the interpretation of international relations; opponents say that the global system is the sum of the states and mutual conclusions and actions (Waltz, 1959).\r\nThe most noted example of the new hardheaded analysis was conducted by Mearsh eimer (1990) on the prox of Europe. The baseline of the scenario for analysis was the assumption that the end of the ratty War was absolute, and that the complete insularity of Soviet influence from Europe was imminent. It is noteworthy that in 1990 the dismantling of the Soviet Union could be a emfly destabilizing danger that could exacerbate the crisis situation and prospects of major wars for two main reasons: first, because the multi-polar system was less horse barn due to the increased diodes and the growing relations surrounded by states in the international system and the lack possible symmetry authorities, and miscalculations tensions and power; and second, because there was a change in conventional military force.\r\nMearsheimer identified four scenarios based on thermo thermonuclear deterrence: nuclear disarmament of Europe, which was not expected because of the fundamental role of nuclear deterrence in consolidating international relations; to maintain the status qu o, which would raise a number of countries such as Germany or Eastern Europe, and could also precipitate an escalation reaction to their possession of nuclear weapons, and resorting to internal action against threats to other countries owning nuclear weapons; nuclear proliferation in the hands of bad management, which could cause an increase in the potential for conflicts in Europe; fourth, nuclear proliferation in the hands of a good management policy associated with the balance of power led some key countries (Mearsheimer, 2007). The latter was the solution proposed by Mearsheimer. This entailed the provision of nuclear weapons to Germany, based on a balance of power engendered by the United States and Britain transferring powers to Europe.\r\nHis argument was based on the proviso that nuclear weapons are a beef up factor and that Germany was seeking to consolidate its security. The criticism of Mearsheimer that back end be addressed by specialists in the affairs of the institut ions is that the policy of maintaining the status quo through organisations such as the no.th Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) was merely possible. The counterpoint to the realist theory is the liberal approach, which is thought to be the dominant paradigm capable of producing dimensional comment essential to international relations, with the evolution of scientific and technological progress and economic shifts, which laid the foundations of the liberal intellectual paradigm, which emerged with the seminal pioneers of international law such as Jean Bodin (1552-1608) in his book The Law of War and Peace (1625).\r\nPioneers of liberalism glorified in-person freedom and increase the status of the individual within the state and rules of order and the rule of law against the caprice and tyranny they associated with states, a trend which continued into the era of Classical Liberalism during the nineteenth century, epitomised with regard to states by Richard Cobden’s arg ument that dislodge Trade engendered peace in international relations, and with regard to the individual by John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty (1869) (Grey, 1995). Modern neo-liberalism has outgrown the narrow good example of national sovereignty, focussing instead on the building blocks for international cooperation such as organisations and regional institutions accompaniment this ethos (Baldwin, 1993). One more recent development is that of the remarkable neoliberal Karl Doetsch, who moved from inside-loop integration to the role of communication and information amongst individuals and groups.\r\nHowever, other theories calling for a different vision about international reality cannot be overlooked, such as the theory of dependence developed by some thinkers concerned with triad World countries, in parallel with which political theories and donnish attempts to explain changes in the international situation after the end of the Cold War emerged, which predicted the type and nature of upcoming global conflicts such as the flavor of the end of history (Francis Fukuyama) and the clash of civilisations (Samuel Huntington), which reduced future conflicts to the spheres of religion and culture (El Anis, et al, 2010). In fact, no single claim has the rigour to encompass and comprehend all dimensions of the complex characteristics of world politics, and a wide hold of beliefs compete away from the traditional theoretical paradigms, and this emulation between theories exposes the strengths and weaknesses of each, and identifies the necessary modifications to be made.\r\nIn the accomplish of decisiveness-making in a rational manner, one of the logical operations follows a path that starts by shaping the problem until a solution is reached, and revolves around the idea of ​​the role of individuals’ ability to increase their own personal benefit; this self-interest of individuals is held to collectively produce the humans interest. ( Cuban) Rationality is restricted to a fanny dependent on personal impressions as well as control methods that are followed in making and implementing decisions. onward turning to the theory of rational woof, studying each of the conditions of the issue of the concept and definition of the theory of decision-making is necessary. Decision-making theory scrutinises the comprehensiveness of the various elements that must be mootn into account when analysing a specific policy, whether in general or in a particular importation; the theory works between these variables, but hypotheses do not necessarily require the decision maker to work on this basis, and it is perhaps more bewitch that the latter consider the decision theory of incomplete theories rather than the theory of a school if they are focusing on the political system as a whole or specifically on certain buck private units.\r\nDecision-making as an attempt to develop a systemic study of international politics began in the 1950s, led by Richard Snyder and Graham Allison, elysian by the international band then prevailing. At the time, other theories appeared circumstantial and contingent to Cold War policies in the context of the international standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States of America and their allies. The Cold War was at one of its peaks during the 1950s, and led to the emergence of numerous critical scenarios worldwide, which erupted into proxy wars between the regular army and USSR in numerous instances for instance the Korean War during the 1950s, and the Vietnam War during the 1960s, fuelled by the competition for military, economic or ideological influence between these two states.\r\nThis led theorists of international relations in that period to find theories that kept pace with the tense reality of life, and thence came the theory of decision-making in order to determine who makes the decision taken and what frameworks affect relationships between states, and h ow crises can be managed. Richard Snyder focused his search of international relations on attitudes and reactions and interactions between states, and this theory converged with the theory of realism in some dimensions due to its common identification of the state as the main determinant in international relations (Krasner & Stephen, 1976). Finally, rational analysis has an important place in the analysis of strategic traditionalists who deal with the actors’ behaviours according to the data and plans calculated (military school) that deal with states as the actors seeking to earn the greatest benefit at minimal cost ( ).\r\nThis perspective of rationality was heighten by Hans Morgenthau’s study of rationality aspects relating to the behaviour of states. Morgenthau stressed that countries collide externally and internal variables do not contribute to the external behaviour. The theory is associate in some forms to the stream of the political right, but the 1980s saw the emergence of a school of Marxism espousing the theory of rational free choice, which constitutes an example that there is no necessary link between theory and the political situation. It is clear that the theory of rational choice in the social sciences in general, which first appeared and grew up in sociology, but later separated into different fields of knowledge in the social sciences, had style for application in all the social sciences, especially political science, and in particular relations in international decision-making foreign policy, and in the profit and harm theories, specifically plot theory (Myerson, 1991).\r\nThis means that the options for each of the parties to the game options and priorities, and in front of opportunities to choose alternatives available to them. However, every alternative is open to each caller to affect the value achieved by the other players. If these choices are available for any player, they are available to all other players. This theory helps researchers, especially as they deal with the international strategic situation, in clarifying the alternative options before the decision-makers and helps them understand the problem and the ability to do work systematic analysis more deeply. Rationality in decision-making theory is based on determining rational behaviour, intended behaviour of decision-makers and which player can win. It does not address what route people actually take, and individuals may behave contradictorily and irrationally at times. The advocates of this theory used rational behaviour on the basis that it is most able to make the fittest theory of interpretation, and rational behaviour means that each player in international politics has a set of value ​​and goals and decides its policy accordingly, without errors.\r\nThis is analogous to the analysis of sports, but this game theory is a method of analysis that provides separate to choose the best route to work; states are r equired to look for the best ways to work and the attitudes and the results of this appear in the actions of others. The goal is to identify potential irrational acts that can and do lead to decisions and the most convenient work in order to achieve goals. Rational decision links the objectives and means intellection about the results, and rational analysis analyses the relationship between means and goals. Rationality provides full information in advance, so actors are able to stop their analysis when the results they expect are produced.\r\nHowever, the results of rational decision-making are not necessarily useful. It could be argued that one of the signs of an irrational decision is not using the information available. But we experimentally note that the decision is a rational decision in terms of the integration of the goals and objectives, including any correct account of costs and benefits for explicit values ​​given, and states should take into account the v arious means at their temperament and also analyse and evaluate the results. In conclusion, neo-realism along with neoliberalism can be categorised as positivist approaches in IR. While neo-realism is a concept of foreign policy based on understanding the system not the individual states, neo-realists cannot explain change in the system or in some circumstances predict potential dangers (Keohane, 1986).\r\nNeoliberalism refers mainly to economic liberalisation, and the facilitation of betray throughout the globe, with the onus on the development of the private sector. To this fundamentally economic programme, a vague concept of political freedom is appended much less forcefully than in Classical Liberalism (Doyle & Michael, 1986). However, the reforms of neoliberalism focus on increasing competition and achieving high economic ingathering and ignoring the influences that could affect such activities. Although they differ in many aspects, they both look to determine phenomena requiring explanation, for instance, the new realistic analysis conducted by Mearsheimer about the future of Europe, and both approaches identify the key actors. It is clear that they are demonstrating how the findings would be under given conditions if the actors function rationally.\r\nReferences\r\nBaylis, J. et al. (2011), The globalization of world politics an introduction to international relations, 5th edition, Oxford University press, advanced York.\r\nBaldwin, David A., (ed.) (1993) Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate. (New York: Columbia University cupboard)\r\nBrown, C. Ainley, K. (2009), Understanding International relations [online], PALGRAVE MACMILLAN, New York, Available from: http://www.coursesmart.co.uk/understanding-international-relations-4th/chris-brown-kirsten-ainley/dp/9780230213104 [Accessed: 22.12.2012].\r\nBurchill, Scott (2001) â€Å"Introduction,” in Theories of International Relations, Hampshire, Palgrave\r\nCozette, M. 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(1959) Man, the State and War, New York: Columbia University Press.\r\nWaltz, Kenneth, (2000) ‘Structural Realism after the Cold War,’ International Security, Vol. 25, No. 1\r\n'